Publications by authors named "Mallah M"
Marine natural products have long been recognized as a vast and diverse source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology. This review provides an updated overview of the significant advances made in the discovery and development of marine-derived anticancer drugs between 2019 and 2023. With a focus on recent research findings, the review explores the rich biodiversity of marine organisms, including sponges, corals, algae, and microorganisms, which have yielded numerous compounds exhibiting promising anticancer properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Implementation of semaglutide weight loss therapy has been challenging due to drug supply and cost, underscoring a need to identify those who derive the greatest absolute benefit.
Objectives: Allocation of semaglutide was modeled according to coronary artery calcium (CAC) among individuals without diabetes or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: In this analysis, 3,129 participants in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) without diabetes or clinical CVD met body mass index criteria for semaglutide and underwent CAC scoring on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography.
Reassessing the Role of Ischemia Imaging: Insights from the ISCHEMIA Trial.
Nucl Med Mol Imaging
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- * Recent data from the ISCHEMIA trial indicated lower cardiac mortality and higher non-cardiac mortality with early revascularization, though the study had significant limitations, including design flaws and exclusion of certain patient groups.
- * Observational studies provide better insights into imaging methods like SPECT and PET for guiding revascularization, and shared decision-making is crucial when managing patients with moderate to severe ischemia to choose between invasive procedures and medical therapy.
Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become standard of care in many high-income countries, but its adoption in low- and middle-income countries (LICs/MICs) has been impeded by resource- and training-related barriers. We hypothesized that trainees in MICs perform MIS procedures less often, and that as procedure complexity increases, the rate of MIS decreases.
Methods: A 22-question survey, distributed to representative leaders across Latin America, collected country-specific graduating trainee case requirements and volumes for four index procedures (cholecystectomy, appendectomy, inguinal hernia repair, colectomy) using MIS or open surgery (OS).
Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) experience reduced pain assessment and treatment, less comprehensive physical exams, and fewer explanations of the next steps in care. These disparities persist in hospitals with staffed professional interpreters, raising questions about interpreter access and the impact on outcomes. A retrospective review of 1133 trauma activations at a single center Level 1 Trauma Center in 2021-2022 was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is being researched for its benefits in energy efficiency and non-volatility, but designing effective systems is complex and time-consuming for material and device scientists.
- There's a need for a user-friendly modeling framework that helps researchers evaluate device performance early in the design process, focusing on speed, accuracy, and adaptability.
- This paper presents a digital twin (DT)-like framework that generates RRAM device models from measurement data, includes peripheral circuits for better evaluations, and demonstrates its effectiveness in applications like neural network processing of ECG data and Fault Aware Training.
Pericoronary Fat Attenuation: Diagnosis and Clinical Implications.
Curr Atheroscler Rep
December 2024
Purpose Of The Review: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding the technical challenges associated with the Post-Acquisition Fat Attenuation Index (PFAI). By examining the limitations and gaps in the current methodologies, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how various factors impact the accuracy and reliability of PFAI measurements.
Recent Findings: PFAI correlates with plaque instability, as inflammation in coronary plaque alters surrounding adipose tissue composition, increasing its water content and reducing lipid content, which is detectable via cardiac CT as increased attenuation.
We develop a machine learning (ML) model using electrocardiography (ECG) to predict myocardial blood flow reserve (MFR) and assess its prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Using 3,639 ECG-positron emission tomography (PET) and 17,649 ECG-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data pairs, the ML model is trained with a swarm intelligence approach and support vector regression (SVR). The model achieves a receiver-operator curve (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Researchers explored using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the diagnosis of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) through echocardiograms (TTE) and electrocardiograms (ECG), potentially allowing for earlier detection of the disease.
- They trained deep learning models to identify ATTR-CM patterns, achieving high accuracy in recognizing these signatures from cardiac data in two large patient groups.
- The study found that AI can effectively predict the likelihood of ATTR-CM in individuals up to three years before a formal diagnosis, suggesting that it could help identify patients who might benefit from early treatment options.
Introduction: The absence of coronary artery calcium (CAC = 0) is associated with low risk of stroke events; however, predictors of incident stroke among those with CAC = 0 are not known.
Methods: Individual participant-level data were pooled from three prospective cohorts (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA], Jackson Heart Study, and Framingham Heart Study). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the association between cardiovascular risk factors and incident adjudicated stroke among individuals with CAC = 0 who were free of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at baseline.
Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important tool for assessing coronary artery disease (CAD), but its widespread utilization is limited due to various factors, including limited local champion availability. This study aims to compare the frequency of PET procedures and their interpreters with other common CAD assessment modalities.
Methods: Using Medicare data, we examined the number of cardiac PET procedures billed and compared them with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), stress magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and stress echocardiography.
Geographic Proximity to Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography Facilities Across the United States.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging
December 2024
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the top cause of death due to cardiovascular conditions worldwide, with someone suffering a myocardial infarction every 40 seconds. This highlights the importance of non-invasive imaging technologies like myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), which are crucial for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) early, even before symptoms appear. However, the reliance solely on MPI has shifted due to its limitations in definitively ruling out atherosclerosis, leading to the adoption of hybrid imaging techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study evaluated how various cardiometabolic risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome and individual factors like high fasting glucose and low HDL cholesterol, impact the progression of coronary plaque and the likelihood of major cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
- - In a cohort of 1,200 patients followed over several years, 28% experienced rapid coronary plaque progression, identified primarily through increased atheroma volume, which indicates worsening arterial health.
- - The findings suggest that a combination of risk factors, particularly high blood sugar and blood pressure, significantly forecast both plaque progression and serious cardiovascular incidents, highlighting the importance of monitoring these factors in at-risk patients.
Purpose Of Review: Cardiac amyloidosis is a condition marked by the misfolding of precursor proteins into insoluble amyloid fibrils, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure symptoms. This review discusses advancements in nuclear imaging techniques that enhance the diagnosis and guide the management of cardiac amyloidosis, addressing the critical need for early and accurate detection in clinical practice.
Recent Findings: Recent studies and guidelines emphasizes the pivotal role of nuclear imaging techniques in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are naturally occurring environmental pollutants that may contribute to obesity in the adult population. To investigate the relationship between the urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites and adult obesity among the US population, the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2016) was used as a data source for this study. As many as 4464 participants in the NHANES 2003-2016 were included in the final analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: In this review, we aimed to summarize the different aspects of the field of cardio-rheumatology, the role of the cardio-rheumatologist, and future research in the field.
Recent Findings: Cardio-rheumatology is an emerging subspecialty within cardiology that focuses on addressing the intricate relationship between systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. It involves understanding the cardiovascular impact of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on the heart and vascular system.
Spirulina () is reported to play a role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota (IM). To study spirulina's effects in the improvement of NAFLD characteristics, IM, and pancreatic-renal lesions induced by a fructose-enriched diet, 40 Wistar healthy male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into four groups of 10, and each rat per group was assigned a diet of equal quantities (20 g/day) for 18 weeks. The first control group (CT) was fed a standardized diet, the second group received a 40% fructose-enriched diet (HFr), and the third (HFr-S5) and fourth groups (HFr-S10) were assigned the same diet composition as the second group but enriched with 5% and 10% spirulina, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF