Defining phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells by mass cytometry.

Most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) die within 2 years. A major therapeutic goal is to target GBM stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of cells that contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Since their discovery in 2003, GSCs have been isolated using single-surface markers, such as CD15, CD44, CD133, and α6 integrin.

Does Access to Family Planning Increase Children's Opportunities? Evidence from the War on Poverty and the Early Years of Title X.

This paper examines the relationship between parents' access to family planning and the economic resources of their children. Using the county-level introduction of U.S.

Cytokine production in myelofibrosis exhibits differential responsiveness to JAK-STAT, MAP kinase, and NFκB signaling.

The distinct clinical features of myelofibrosis (MF) have been attributed in part to dysregulated inflammatory cytokine production. Circulating cytokine levels are elevated in MF patients; a subset of which have been shown to be poor prognostic indicators. In this study, cytokine overproduction was examined in MF patient plasma and in MF blood cells ex vivo using mass cytometry.

High-Dimensional Analysis Delineates Myeloid and Lymphoid Compartment Remodeling during Successful Immune-Checkpoint Cancer Therapy.

Although current immune-checkpoint therapy (ICT) mainly targets lymphoid cells, it is associated with a broader remodeling of the tumor micro-environment. Here, using complementary forms of high-dimensional profiling, we define differences across all hematopoietic cells from syngeneic mouse tumors during unrestrained tumor growth or effective ICT. Unbiased assessment of gene expression of tumor-infiltrating cells by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and longitudinal assessment of cellular protein expression by mass cytometry (CyTOF) revealed significant remodeling of both the lymphoid and myeloid intratumoral compartments.

Identification of enhanced IFN-γ signaling in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis with mass cytometry.

Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is among the most challenging of the JIA subtypes to treat. Even with current biologic therapies, the disease remains difficult to control in a substantial subset of patients, highlighting the need for new therapies. The aim of this study was to use the high dimensionality afforded by mass cytometry with phospho-specific antibodies to delineate signaling abnormalities in immune cells from treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients.

Analysis of Signaling Networks at the Single-Cell Level Using Mass Cytometry.

Mass cytometry is a powerful technology that enables the measurement of >40 parameters at the single-cell level. The inherent spectral limitations of fluorescent flow cytometry are circumvented by the use of antibodies conjugated to metal isotope reporters, which are measured quantitatively using a CyTOF mass cytometer. The high dimensionality of mass cytometry is particularly useful for the analysis of cell signaling networks in complex biological samples.

Cutting Edge: Human CD49e- NK Cells Are Tissue Resident in the Liver.

Most knowledge on NK cells is based on studies of what are now known as conventional NK cells in the mouse spleen or human peripheral blood. However, recent studies in mice indicate the presence of tissue-resident NK cells in certain organs, such as the liver, that display different markers and transcription factor dependencies as compared with conventional NK cells. In this study, we provide evidence from cytometry by time-of-flight analysis and humanized mice indicating that human CD49e NK cells are tissue resident in the liver.

Mass cytometry analysis reveals hyperactive NF Kappa B signaling in myelofibrosis and secondary acute myeloid leukemia.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) feature a malignant clone containing the JAK2 V617F mutation, or another mutation causing dysregulated JAK2 kinase activity. The multiple disease phenotypes of MPNs, and their tendency to transform phenotypically, suggest pathophysiologic heterogeneities beyond a common phenomenon of JAK2 hyperactivation. JAK2 has the potential to activate multiple other signaling molecules, either directly through downstream effectors, or indirectly through induction of target gene expression.

Chikungunya viral arthritis in the United States: a mimic of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that spread to the Caribbean in 2013 and to the US in 2014. CHIKV-infected patients develop inflammatory arthritis that can persist for months or years, but little is known about the rheumatologic and immunologic features of CHIKV-related arthritis in humans, particularly as compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to describe these features in a group of 10 American travelers who were nearly simultaneously infected while visiting Haiti in June 2014.

DO FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS DECREASE POVERTY? EVIDENCE FROM PUBLIC CENSUS DATA.

This paper provides new evidence that family planning programs are associated with a decrease in the share of children and adults living in poverty. Our research design exploits the county roll-out of U.S.

[Changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with severe sepsis of different etiology].

Unlabelled: Different origin (heterogeneity) of sepsis is a key stone in many discussions regarding options for the course and outcome, despite the general rules of development of the pathogenic mechanisms.

Purpose Of The Study: To compare data of systemic inflammation (CRP, PCT, IL-8, IL-6, IL-4, TNF-alpha) and markers of endothelial dysfunction (NO, lactate, D-dimers), also lipid (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL) and carbohydrate metabolism between the two groups of patients with severe intra-abdominal infection (n = 109) and severe sepsis of other etiologies (n = 53).

Results: We found out a significant difference between the groups in serum levels of the CRP, IL-4 and cholesterol at all stages of the study.

[Characteristics of septic shock in obstetrics].

Peculiarities of septic shock in obstetrics are considered in this article. Traits of pregnant woman organism concerning infectious process, etiology and risk factors, modern criteria of heavy sepsis diagnosis and septic shock are discussed. It is pointed out that septic process system manifestations considerably outstrips local manifestations of purulent process in a uterus and it is necessary to take into account modern markers and criteria when making decision on initial infection center sanitization.

[Perinatal anaesthesia risk scale and prognosis of perinatal results during cesarean section].

Unlabelled: The article presents analysis of informative importance of the scales estimating the somatic status and surgical and anaesthesiology risk: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), Moscow Scientific Society of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation (MSSAR) and Anaesthesiology Perinatal Risk (APR). Reliably high correlation between APR scale and blood loss, pregnancy term, Apgar score assessment, newborn body weight is shown in the article. Information importance of APR scale, its sensitivity, specificity and efficiency concerning perinatal results reliably authentically exceeded ASA and MSSAR scales.

[Changes in lipid metabolic parameters in patients with severe sepsis].

The vital importance of systemic inflammatory reactions in developing a critical condition of any etiology is generally accepted at the present developmental stage of reanimatology and intensive care. The metabolic component remains a less studied part of a complex of the universal pathophysiological changes that characterize a critical condition. Lipid metabolic changes in sepsis are less investigated.

[Nutritional support in critical conditions as intensive care technology].

The patients of intensive care units represent a group in which nutritional support methods, such as enteral and parenteral feeding, are most frequently used to correct protein and energy metabolisms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the most significant clinical problems ensuing in nutritional support in an intensive care unit, such as the high incidence of hospital exhaustion, difficulties in metabolic monitoring and in the determination of patients' needs for nutrients, in the choice for media for intravenous and enteral feeding, in the prevention of possible complications of nutritional support; organizational aspects.

[Effect of various colloidal solutions on pulmonary oxygenizing function in patients with acute lung lesion].

The effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 10% albumin solution on the parameters of central hemodynamics and pulmonary extravascular water were studied in acute lung lesion. The patients were divided into 2 groups that did not significantly differ by the baseline severity of a condition (APACHE II and Murray scales). Groups 1 and 2 patients were transfused 6% hydroxyethyl starch and 10% albumin solution, respectively.

G proteins, beta-adrenoreceptors and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in immature and adult rat ventricular myocardium: influence of neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid hormones influence a wide range of physiological responses and the heart is considered a major target organ for triiodothyronine action. In the present study we examined closely the presumed relationship between altered thyroid status in the newborn rat and maturation of the regulatory components of the myocardial hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase signaling system. Beta -adrenoceptors and the alpha subunits of the stimulatory (Gs) as well as inhibitory (Gi) G proteins were determined in ventricular myocardium of immature (21-day-old) hypo- or hyperthyroid rats and in adult (84-day-old) previously hypo- or hyperthyroid rats.

A theoretical study of outermost skin layer electroporation.

Two models of electrohydration of stratum corneum (SC) have been developed. In the first model, the hydration of one interbilayer region is considered on the assumption that water molecules are adsorbed on the inhomogeneous surface of a bilayer and can interact, thereby lowering their energy on the surface. The dependence of the hydration degree on the voltage across the skin had been found.

[Long-term results of the program for preventing ischemic heart disease in Moscow (10-year follow-up study)].

The paper provides the results obtained from implementation of the programme on multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Moscow, which provided strong evidence for a reduction in the levels of major risk factors and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease. The efficiency of comprehensive prophylactic measures in persons with clinical signs of CHD showed up at year 3 of their implementation and retains in subsequent years. At the same time in persons without CHD signs a mortality reduction starting at years 4-5 of the follow-up virtually came to an end when a further active intervention ceased.

[Detection of ischemic heart disease in a survey of a male population 40-59 years of age (data of cooperative studies performed in Moscow, Kaunas, Kiev and Kharkov)].

The authors analyzed the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its various types detected by routine epidemiological methods among the examinees in four cities (Moscow, Kaunas, Kiev, and Kharkov). The results were obtained in the collaboration study, adhering to the rigid standardization of all the procedures applied. Examination of 17, 168 males aged 40-59 years revealed signs of CHD in 13.

[Alcohol consumption habits in a population of 40- to 59-year-old men and its prognostic value in relation to mortality].

Alcohol consumption practice was studied by a method of interview in an unorganized male population aged 40 to 59 investigated by a program of multifactorial CHD prevention. The frequency of spreading of this habit and its intensity were determined. The frequency of alcohol consumption was decreased with age and was associated with the examinees' educational level.