Effect of Hydrogen on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Steel and Inconel 718 Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting.

The interaction of hydrogen with specimens of 316L steel and Inconel 718 alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) was studied. The effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of SLM materials, hydrogen permeability, and microstructure was investigated; besides, these values were compared with the properties of conventionally produced materials. It was shown that SLM can be successfully used to produce parts for operation in hydrogen environments at high pressure at room temperature.

[Improvement of acute destructive pancreatitis management].

Objective: To reduce the incidence of complications in acute destructive pancreatitis via stenting of the main pancreatic duct in complex treatment of these patients.

Material And Methods: There were 182 patients aged 31-76 (mean 42.8±11) years with acute destructive pancreatitis.

[The factors affecting the results of mechanical jaundice management].

Aim: To improve the results of obstructive jaundice management by rational diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Material And Methods: Outcomes of 820 patients with obstructive jaundice syndrome were analyzed.

Results: Diagnostic and tactical mistakes were made at pre-hospital stage in 143 (17.

[Immune status of patients with different outcomes of acute hepatitis C].

Aim: To ascertain parameters of immune response significant for prognosis of the disease outcome in patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC).

Material And Methods: Seventy two examinees were divided into three groups: 30 patients of group 1 had AHC; 29 patients of group 2 had chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with the disease history 3-10 years; 13 AHC convalescents who had the disease 3-10 years ago. The control group consisted of 10 healthy subjects.

[Autodermal-monophylic plasty of postoperative ventral hernias].

In the clinic of general and urgent surgery of Kazan Medical Academy in the period 1998-2002 operations were performed on 160 patients with great and giant postoperative ventral hernias. Four variants of autodermal-monophyl plasty were used: contact suturing of the hernia defect margins with strengthening the line of sutures with a autodermal-monophyl flap, autodermal lacing, skin flap armoured with an monophyl thread, and a skin flap crimped with an monophyl thread. The results of the operative treatment were complicated by lymphorrhea in 8 patients, thromboembolism in 4 patients (with lethal outcome in 2 cases).

[Correction of bile outflow in complicated calculous cholecystitis].

The method of low-traumatic atypical endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) with an antegradely inserted probe which permits to correct simultaneously bile outflow in choledocholithiasis and strictures of the terminal part of the common bile duct was used in 26 patients with cholelithiasis. Advantage of this surgical policy in complicated forms of calculous cholecystitis is possibility of one-stage treatment. Comparative analysis of one-stage and routine two-stage treatment policies was carried out in 52 patients.

Laparoscopic and endoscopic management of perforated duodenal ulcers.

Background: Acid peptic perforation of the duodenum remains a surgical challenge. Plication alone may be satisfactory management if the ulcer diathesis is medically controlled. Laparoscopic management for plication has been safely applied in a variety of populations.

[Methodological aspects of laparoscopic sanitation in patients with diffuse peritonitis].

In 60 patients with acute diffuse peritonitis 103 laparoscopic sanitations of the abdominal cavity were performed. The personal experiences, investigation of hydrodynamic parameters and peculiarities of redistribution of liquid in the abdominal cavity affected by pneumoperitoneum were used by the authors for developing a method of the sanitation using an irrigation-aspiration device "Brusan". Experimental investigations in 50 rats were carried out for studying the degree of traumatic action on the stomach of different variants of sanitation of the abdominal cavity.

[Laparoscopic sanitation of the abdominal cavity in combined treatment of peritonitis].

Standard methods of treatment were analyzed in 228 patients with general peritonitis of different etiology: sanitation and drainage of abdominal cavity, peritoneal lavage, programmed laparotomy compared with laparoscopic sanitation (LS) performed in 60 patients. A significant decrease in the number of purulent-inflammatory complications, intestinal fistulas and broncho-pulmonary complications were seen after LS. It was most effective for treatment of peritonitis with Mannheim peritoneal index from 16 to 29 points (lethality 11.

[Device for treatment of wounds and abdominal cavity].

An original device for the wound and abdominal cavity pretreatment has been proposed. It has the following advantages: high rate of effectiveness in wound pretreatment, simplicity in usage, economical use of a washing solution. The device may be used in clinical practice for the wound and abdominal cavity cleansing.

[Streptodecase magnetophoresis in the Polius-3 treatment of post-traumatic intraocular bleeding].

The paper describes drug magnetophoresis, a new treatment for posttraumatic intraocular hemorrhage, which is made by a Polyus-2 devices intended for magnetotherapy and magnetophoresis. It also shows the advantage of the treatment, gives data on its clinical use.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: possibilities, shortcomings, prospects].

The results of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in 350 patients have been analysed. The role of concomitant diseases and age of a patients in choosing the method of surgical treatment is stressed. The advantages and shortcomings of the low-traumatic surgical methods are discussed.

[Comparative assessment of methods of extracorporeal detoxication in obstructive jaundice].

Comparative analysis of the methods of extracorporeal detoxification in 168 patients was conducted. Endoscopic and surgical methods of treatment were applied in 40 patients without extracorporeal detoxification. Various types of extracorporeal detoxification were used along with endoscopic and operative methods in 168 patients: plasmapheresis (PP) in 72, thoracic duct (TD) drainage in 45, and hemosorption in 41 patients.

[Equipment design for magnetic therapy and "Polus" devices].

Low-frequency magnetotherapy is among the most original therapeutical techniques since it is effective in treating most diseases and has practically no contraindications. Due to atraumaticity of a low-frequency electromagnetic field, the application of magnetotherapy is indicated in geriatric care, in particular. The VNIIMP-VITA Joint-Stock Company has developed a family of the Polyus system equipment for magnetotherapy, whereby all the well-known therapeutical procedures of low-frequency magnetotherapy can be performed.

[Identification of the M. tuberculosis-M. bovis complex using the polymerase chain reaction].

High-specific and sensitive method of identification of mycobacteria human and bovine species by using PCR was created. The pair of primers from DNA sequence, coding protein MbaA was chosen. As a target for amplification was taken the sequence of DNA from 1796 to 2115 pb coding region of protein from 407 to 514 amino acid with lesser hydrophobicity index.

[Development of a method for identifying bovine and human types of mycobacteria using the polymerase chain reaction].

An express method has been elaborated for identification of human and bovine species mycobacteria in the polymerase chain reaction. The high specificity of the technique and simplicity of material preparation for research make the experimental procedure simple and quick, permitting one to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis directly in pathogenic material.

[Clinical and radiologic characteristics of undeveloped lung in children].

Lung underdevelopment was detected in 60 of the 2487 children aged 1 to 17 with the clinical picture of recurrent bronchitis. Seven patients presented with aplasia and agenesia of the lung or its part, ten with cystous hypoplasia, eight with common hypoplasia, and thirty-five with acquired form of the respiratory system underdevelopment. The efficacies of various methods of radiodiagnosis in underdevelopment of the vessels, bronchi, and the respiratory sections varied.

[Perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of lung hypoplasia in children].

Perfusion scintigraphy was used as a method of screening in children with prolonged and persistent chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases with an obscure x-ray picture of diagnosis of lung hypoplasia. Its scintigraphic sings (considerable reduction of the capillary flow by 50%; a unilateral lesion; a clear locality of a pathological zone on a scintigram, corresponding by its volume to a lobe or the whole lung; relative uniformity of residual perfusion in the affected lobe) were detected in 21 patients. The results of scintigraphy were also used as an objective indicator for bronchopulmonary investigations and angiopulmonography.

[Use of bacterial luciferase for determining monoamine oxidase activity].

A bioluminescence assay is proposed for measuring monoamine oxidase activity in different biological specimens (platelets, mitochondria). The assay is based on the bioluminescent reaction catalysed by bacterial luciferase and coupled to monoamine oxidase. Two modifications of the bioluminescence assay were used.

[Optimization of computed tomographic studies during the diagnosis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

A comparative study was made of computerized tomograms of 115 patients, of them 78 suffered from nonspecific chronic pulmonary diseases (chronic bronchitis, bullous emphysema, spontaneous pneumothorax, and fibrosing alveolitis), and 37 patients were healthy. Of all transverse sections the most informative ones were defined, and anatomical reference points were determined for. A conclusion was made that computerized tomograms at 5 most informative levels were sufficient to diagnose changes in each of the lung segments in their diffuse affection.