Female prediabetic rats are protected from vascular dysfunction: the role of nitroso and sulfide signaling.

Background: The activity of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a specific deposit of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels, could contribute to sex differences in vascular tone control, particularly in dyslipidemic disorders; however, the mutual associations remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among sex, PVAT and vascular function in Wistar and hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats. Vasoactive responses of the isolated thoracic aorta with preserved or removed PVAT were compared in adult male and female Wistar and HTG rats, and the roles of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), cyclooxygenase (COX) and inflammatory signaling in vascular function were monitored in females.

Quercetin supplementation in metabolic syndrome: nutrigenetic interactions with the Zbtb16 gene variant in rodent models.

Background: Quercetin is a promising phytochemical in treating abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to explore the morphometric, metabolic, transcriptomic, and nutrigenetic responses to quercetin supplementation using two genetically distinct MetS models that only differ in the variant of the MetS-related Zbtb16 gene (Zinc Finger And BTB Domain Containing 16).

Results: Quercetin supplementation led to a significant reduction in the relative weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue in both investigated strains.

Empagliflozin alters lipid metabolism in the myocardium and liver in a prediabetes model with severe dyslipidemia.

Background And Aims: Recent studies suggest that empagliflozin reduces total and cardiovascular mortality in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, it is understood to positively affect myocardial energetics, including the metabolism of ketone bodies, lipids, and fatty acids. In this study, we compared empagliflozin effects on lipid metabolism in the heart and liver in a prediabetic rat model with severe dyslipidemia.

The Effect of Ovariectomy and Estradiol Substitution on the Metabolic Parameters and Transcriptomic Profile of Adipose Tissue in a Prediabetic Model.

Menopause brings about profound physiological changes, including the acceleration of insulin resistance and other abnormalities, in which adipose tissue can play a significant role. This study analyzed the effect of ovariectomy and estradiol substitution on the metabolic parameters and transcriptomic profile of adipose tissue in prediabetic females of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTgs). The HHTgs underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (SHAM), and half of the OVX group received 17β-estradiol (OVX+E2) post-surgery.

Transgenic human C-reactive protein affects oxidative stress but not inflammation biomarkers in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute inflammatory protein detected in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, increased CRP levels have been linked with atherosclerotic disease, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease, suggesting that it is not only a biomarker but also plays an active role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Since endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in various cardiovascular pathologies and is characterized by increased expression of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers, we aimed to detect specific markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human CRP.

Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high-fat diet.

A combination of liver and heart dysfunction worsens the prognosis of human survival. The aim of this study was to investigate whether empagliflozin (a sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor) has beneficial effects not only on cardiac and renal function but also on hepatic function. Adult (6-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed a high-fat diet (60% fat) for four months to induce hepatic steatosis and mild heart failure.

Tannic acid- and N-acetylcysteine-chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles reduce hepatic oxidative stress in prediabetic rats.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with tannic acid (TA) have shown remarkable success as an antioxidant and antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Herein, we report a synthetic procedure for the preparation of silica-coated MNPs modified with N-acetylcysteine-modified chitosan and TA. This was achieved by free-radical grafting of NAC onto chitosan (CS), a layer-by-layer technique for modifying negatively charged MNP@SiO nanoparticles with positively charged CS-NAC, and crosslinking CS with TA.

Spontaneous nonsense mutation in the tuftelin 1 gene is associated with abnormal hair appearance and amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat.

Recently, we have identified a recessive mutation, an abnormal coat appearance in the BXH6 strain, a member of the HXB/BXH set of recombinant inbred (RI) strains. The RI strains were derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Brown Norway rat (BN-) progenitors. Whole genome sequencing of the mutant rats identified the 195875980 G/A mutation in the tuftelin 1 () gene on chromosome 2, which resulted in a premature stop codon.

Hypolipidemic and insulin sensitizing effects of salsalate beyond suppressing inflammation in a prediabetic rat model.

Low-grade chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and their complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of salsalate, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on metabolic disturbances in an animal model of prediabetes-a strain of non-obese hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats. Adult male HHTg and Wistar control rats were fed a standard diet without or with salsalate delivering a daily dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight for 6 weeks.

CD36 regulates substrates utilisation in brown adipose tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats: In vitro study.

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) uses intracellular triglycerides, circulating free fatty acids and glucose as the main substrates. The objective of the current study was to analyse the role of CD36 fatty acid translocase in regulation of glucose and fatty acid utilisation in BAT. BAT isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with mutant Cd36 gene and SHR-Cd36 transgenic rats with wild type variant was incubated in media containing labeled glucose and palmitate to measure substrate incorporation and oxidation.

Hypolipidemic Effects of Beetroot Juice in SHR-CRP and HHTg Rat Models of Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of Hepatic Proteome.

Recently, red beetroot has attracted attention as a health-promoting functional food. Studies have shown that beetroot administration can reduce blood pressure and ameliorate parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism; however, mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of beetroot are not yet fully understood. In the current study, we analysed the effects of beetroot on parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism in two models of metabolic syndrome: (i) transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats expressing human C-reactive protein (SHR-CRP rats), and (ii) hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats.

Functional Properties of and Its Positive Effect on Probiotics.

The unicellular green microalga is a potential source of a wide range of nutritionally important compounds applicable to the food industry. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dried biomass on the growth and adherence of 10 strains of , and . The immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of on human peripheral mononuclear cells and simulated intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 were evaluated.

Quercetin supplementation alters adipose tissue and hepatic transcriptomes and ameliorates adiposity, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in adult male rats.

Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, exhibits beneficial effects toward abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome. In this study, to further investigate metabolic and transcriptomic responses to quercetin supplementation, we used a genetic model of metabolic syndrome. Adult male rats of the PD/Cub strain were fed either a high-sucrose diet (HSD; control PD rats) or HSD fortified with quercetin (10 g quercetin/kg diet; PD-Q rats).

The Different Insulin-Sensitising and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Palmitoleic Acid and Oleic Acid in a Prediabetes Model.

Introduction: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are understood to have therapeutic and preventive effects on chronic complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there are differences between individual MUFAs. Although the effects of palmitoleic acid (POA) are still debated, POA can regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and cytokine production, thus improving metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated and compared the metabolic effects of POA and oleic acid (OA) supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a prediabetic model, the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat (HHTg).

Beneficial Effects of Empagliflozin Are Mediated by Reduced Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Expressing Human C-Reactive Protein.

Gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) show many beneficial actions beyond their antidiabetic effects. The underlying mechanisms of these additional protective effects are still not well understood, especially under non-diabetic conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of empagliflozin in young (3-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human C-reactive protein (CRP) in the liver.

Nutrigenetic Interaction of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Chromosome 20 Segment and High-Sucrose Diet Sensitizes to Metabolic Syndrome.

Several corresponding regions of human and mammalian genomes have been shown to affect sensitivity to the manifestation of metabolic syndrome via nutrigenetic interactions. In this study, we assessed the effect of sucrose administration in a newly established congenic strain BN.SHR20, in which a limited segment of rat chromosome 20 from a metabolic syndrome model, spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), was introgressed into Brown Norway (BN) genomic background.

Beneficial Effect of Fenofibrate and Silymarin on Hepatic Steatosis and Gene Expression of Lipogenic and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Non-Obese Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats.

The efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of hepatic steatosis has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effects of fenofibrate and silymarin, administered as monotherapy and in combination to existing hepatic steatosis in a unique strain of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg), a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome. HHTg rats were fed a standard diet without or with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg b.

Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes after Ovariectomy and Estradiol Substitution in Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats.

Background: If menopause is really independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease is still under debate. We studied if ovariectomy in the model of insulin resistance causes cardiovascular changes, to what extent are these changes reversible by estradiol substitution and if they are accompanied by changes in other organs and tissues.

Methods: Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic female rats were divided into three groups: ovariectomized at 8th week ( = 6), ovariectomized with 17-β estradiol substitution ( = 6), and the sham group ( = 5).

Conplastic strains for identification of retrograde effects of mitochondrial dna variation on cardiometabolic traits in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Mitochondrial retrograde signaling is a pathway of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus. Recently, natural mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) polymorphisms (haplogroups) received increasing attention in the pathophysiology of human common diseases. However, retrograde effects of mtDNA variants on such traits are difficult to study in humans.

The Beneficial Additive Effect of Silymarin in Metformin Therapy of Liver Steatosis in a Pre-Diabetic Model.

The combination of plant-derived compounds with anti-diabetic agents to manage hepatic steatosis closely associated with diabetes mellitus may be a new therapeutic approach. Silymarin, a complex of bioactive substances extracted from , evinces an antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity. In this study, we investigated whether metformin (300 mg/kg/day for four weeks) supplemented with micronized silymarin (600 mg/kg/day) would be effective in mitigating fatty liver disturbances in a pre-diabetic model with dyslipidemia.

In a Prediabetic Model, Empagliflozin Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Independently of Obesity and before Onset of Hyperglycemia.

Recent studies suggest that treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors can reduce hepatic lipid storage and ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development beyond their glycemic benefits. However, the exact mechanism involved is still unclear. We investigated the hepatic metabolic effect of empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day for eight weeks) on the development of NAFLD and its complications using HHTg rats as a non-obese prediabetic rat model.

Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver, Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress.

(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects.

Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of empagliflozin in Ren-2 transgenic rats, an experimental non-diabetic model of hypertension.

The new antidiabetic drugs, gliflozins, inhibit sodium-glucose transporter-2 in renal proximal tubules promoting glucose and sodium excretion. This leads not only to a significant improvement of glucose control but also to the reduction of blood pressure and body weight in both diabetic patients and experimental models. We examined whether these beneficial effects can also be achieved in a non-diabetic hypertensive model, namely in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR).