Practice Essentials of Imaging in Early Diagnosis of DDH.

Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of hip joint (DDH) is a dynamic progressive pathology which can tilt either way. The term strictly applies to primary dysplasia, where etiology is not clearly known. Secondary dysplasia can be due multiple causes, such as neuromuscular disorders, connective tissue disorders or skeletal syndromes.

Glutamic acid-coated FeO nanoparticles for tumor-targeted imaging and therapeutics.

We have developed surface functionalised FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based system that can be used for tumor-targeted multimodal therapies and MR imaging. Biocompatible, non-essential amino acid (glutamic acid) was introduced onto the surface of FeO MNPs to provide functional sites for binding of chemotherapeutic drugs. These glutamic acid-coated FeO MNPs (GAMNPs) exhibit good water-dispersibility, magnetic responsivity and pH dependent charge conversal feature.

Carboxyl decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for MRI diagnosis and localized hyperthermia.

We report the development of carboxyl decorated iron oxide nanoparticles (CIONs) by a facile soft-chemical approach for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperthermia applications. These superparamagnetic CIONs (~10 nm) are resistant to protein adsorption under physiological medium and exhibit good colloidal stability, magnetization and cytocompatibility with cell lines. Analysis of the T2-weighted MRI scans of CIONs in water yields a transverse relaxivity (r2) value of 215 mM(-1) s(-1).

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and reduced diffusion (AESD) is a syndrome of encephalopathy characterized by biphasic seizures and altered consciousness in the acute stage followed in the subacute stage by restricted diffusion in the subcortical white matter on magnetic resonance imaging. The etiology of AESD has been attributed to viral infection like influenza A and human herpes virus 6. The exact pathogenesis of AESD is uncertain.

Antenatal diagnosis of iniencephaly: sonographic and MR correlation: a case report.

Iniencephaly is an uncommon and fatal neural tube defect involving the occiput and inion, this occurs together with rachischisis of the cervical and thoracic spine, and retroflexion of the head. We report the ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of a case of iniencephaly with clubfeet and arthrogryposis. The diagnosis of iniencephaly is easy to make on ultrasound due to the typical star-gazing fetus.

MRI diagnosis of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy from a remote childhood malignancy.

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by digital clubbing, periosteal proliferation, bone pain, synovitis and arthralgia, all of these being commonly symmetrical. It is occasionally associated with nasopharyngeal lymphoepitheliomas and may develop before or after development of lung metastases in these patients. We report a case of a healthy 22-year-old female who presented to our institution with pain and swelling in the thighs and legs.

Pre- and post-therapy MR imaging in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, also known as myositis ossificans progressiva, is characterized by congenital skeletal malformations and progressive ectopic bone formation in connective tissues. The disorder presents as rapidly growing masses usually in the neck or paraspinal region with stiffness in the adjoining joints. The preosseous lesions involve the fascia, ligaments, tendons, and skeletal muscle.