Concordance between parental and self-rated and performance-based measures of executive functioning in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the role of parental life satisfaction and carrier versus non-carrier status.

The aim of this study was to examine the concordance between parental and self-rated and performance-based tests of executive function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A secondary aim was to explore how this concordance is related to parents' self-rated life satisfaction and status as a carrier mother versus non-carrier mother. In a cross-sectional study design, 70 boys with DMD, aged 5-14, and their parents were included.

A multivariate data analysis approach for the investigation of in vitro derived metabolites of ACP-105 in comparison with human in vivo metabolites.

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) such as ACP-105 are prohibited in sports due to their anabolic properties. ACP-105 has in previous equine studies shown to undergo extensive metabolism, which makes its metabolite profile important to investigate in humans, since the metabolism is unknown in this species. The aims of the study were to systematically optimize in vitro microsome incubations for improved metabolite yield and to utilize a multivariate data analysis (MVDA) approach to aid the metabolite discovery.

Equine in vivo metabolite profiling of the selective androgen receptor modulator LGD-3303 for doping control.

LGD-3303 is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) that is prohibited in both equine and human sports due to its anabolic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the equine in vivo metabolite profile of LGD-3303 and identify drug metabolites that can be suitable as new and improved analytical targets for equine doping control. This was performed by an oral administration of 0.

Behavioural strengths and difficulties in relation to intellectual functions and age in Swedish boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The aim of this study was to describe behavioral strengths and difficulties in relation to intellectual function and age in boys with DMD. In a cross-sectional design, 70 boys with DMD were tested at 5, 8, 11, and 14 years of age (mean age 10y 5 m). Parental ratings of behavioral strengths and difficulties were studied in relation to age, intellectual function, motor function, and family socioeconomic status (SES).

Augmentative and alternative communication with children with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: speech language pathologists' clinical practices and reasoning.

Purpose: Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is recommended to be included in communication interventions directed at children/youth with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (S/PIMD). Even so, the evidence base for AAC practices with children with S/PIMD is limited. Also, little is known about how frequently AAC is implemented with this target group, which AAC tools and methods are applied, and the related clinical reasoning of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Following children with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their mothers through a communication intervention: single-case mixed-methods findings.

There is limited research targeting communication interventions for children with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. This study addressed outcomes from a communication course for parents of children with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and follows up on a previous publication by Rensfeldt Flink (2020). Potential observable changes in the children's and parents' communicative behavior were studied as well as the parents' experiences of the intervention process and the effect of the course on parent-child communication.

Examining perceptions of a communication course for parents of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

The overall aim was to examine participants' perceptions of a communication course as held for parents of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The course curriculum included responsive strategies and augmentative and alternative communication. The research questions addressed the favourability, changes in parents' or children's communication and appreciated or unappreciated course features.

Word reading, vocabulary, and mental health problems in adolescent girls and boys with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Reading difficulties are linked to several disadvantages in the general population. Less is known about correlates of reading difficulties in individuals with intellectual and severe developmental disabilities (IDD). Vocabulary and word reading were assessed in 112 adolescents with IDD, recruited from Special needs comprehensive schools in Sweden ( in Swedish).

Ozone impact on wheat in Europe, Asia and North America - A comparison.

Data from experiments where field-grown wheat was exposed to ozone were collated in order to compare the effects in Europe, Asia and North America using dose-response regression. In addition to grain yield, average grain mass and harvest index were included to reflect the influence of ozone on the crop growth pattern. In order to include as many experiments as possible, daytime average ozone concentration was used as the ozone exposure index, but AOT40, estimated from average ozone concentrations, was also used to compare the performance of the two exposure metrics.

Nitrogen application is required to realize wheat yield stimulation by elevated CO but will not remove the CO -induced reduction in grain protein concentration.

Elevated CO (eCO ) generally promotes increased grain yield (GY) and decreased grain protein concentration (GPC), but the extent to which these effects depend on the magnitude of fertilization remains unclear. We collected data on the eCO responses of GY, GPC and grain protein yield and their relationships with nitrogen (N) application rates across experimental data covering 11 field grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars studied in eight countries on four continents. The eCO -induced stimulation of GY increased with N application rates up to ~200 kg/ha.

Exploring the insulin secretory properties of the PGD2-GPR44/DP2 axis in vitro and in a randomized phase-1 trial of type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/hypothesis: GPR44 (DP2, PTGDR2, CRTh2) is the receptor for the pro-inflammatory mediator prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and it is enriched in human islets. In rodent islets, PGD2 is produced in response to glucose, suggesting that the PGD2-GPR44/DP2 axis may play a role in human islet function during hyperglycemia. Consequently, the aim of this work was to elucidate the insulinotropic role of GPR44 antagonism in vitro in human beta-cells and in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.

Prevalence and correlates of coronary microvascular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: PROMIS-HFpEF.

Aims: To date, clinical evidence of microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and its association with systemic endothelial dysfunction, HF severity, and myocardial dysfunction in a well defined, multi-centre HFpEF population.

Methods And Results: This prospective multinational multi-centre observational study enrolled patients fulfilling strict criteria for HFpEF according to current guidelines.

Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance.

Increasing both crop productivity and the tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses is a major challenge for global food security in our rapidly changing climate. For the first time, we show how the spatial variation and severity of tropospheric ozone effects on yield compare with effects of other stresses on a global scale, and discuss mitigating actions against the negative effects of ozone. We show that the sensitivity to ozone declines in the order soybean > wheat > maize > rice, with genotypic variation in response being most pronounced for soybean and rice.

Crop quality under rising atmospheric CO.

Crops grown under elevated CO (eCO) typically exhibit enhanced yields but at the same time decreased nutritional quality. The latter effect has often been explained as a growth dilution phenomenon, but this cannot be the only process involved since crop nutrient concentrations are decreased also when production is unaffected by eCO. We review the current knowledge on eCO effects on crop nutritional quality with focus on the current understanding of the possible mechanisms and processes causing these effects.

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production.

Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations.

Opportunity to participate in planning and evaluation of support for children with disabilities: Parents' and professionals' perspectives.

A random sample of parents of children with disabilities ( = 144) from three Swedish municipalities participated in a structured telephone interview including seven questions on child participation and 156 professionals from the same municipalities completed a web-based survey including six questions on child participation. The aim of the study was to explore parents' and professionals' (1) ratings of the opportunities available to children with disabilities to participate in planning, decision-making and evaluation of support and (2) satisfaction with the children's current level of such participation. The results indicated that opportunities for children with disability to participate directly in decision-making processes were limited.

Current surface ozone concentrations significantly decrease wheat growth, yield and quality.

Tropospheric ozone is known to adversely affect crops and other vegetation. Most studies have focussed on the effects of elevated ozone levels vs. present ambient.

Fertilizer efficiency in wheat is reduced by ozone pollution.

Inefficient use of fertilizers by crops increases the risk of nutrient leaching from agro-ecosystems, resulting in economic loss and environmental contamination. We investigated how ground-level ozone affects the efficiency by which wheat used applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce grain protein (NE, N efficiency with respect to protein yield) and grain yield (NE, N efficiency with respect to grain yield) across a large number of open-top chamber field experiments. Our results show significant negative ozone effects on NE and NE, both for a larger data set obtained from data mining (21 experiments, 70 treatments), and a subset of data for which stomatal ozone flux estimates were available (7 experiments, 22 treatments).

Influence of urban vegetation on air pollution and noise exposure - A case study in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Air pollution levels (NO, PAHs, O) were investigated, before (BLE) and after (ALE) leaf emergence, in the urban landscape of Gothenburg, Sweden. The aims were to study the 1) spatial and temporal variation in pollution levels between urban green areas, 2) effect of urban vegetation on air pollution levels at the same distance from a major emission source (traffic route), 3) improvement of urban air quality in urban parks compared to adjacent sites near traffic, 4) correlation between air pollution and noise in a park. O varied little over the urban landscape.

Protection and restriction: A mixed-methods study of self-reported well-being among youth with intellectual disabilities.

Background: As most mental health studies of school-aged children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are based on proxy ratings, the subjective views of these young persons are rarely explored. The present study explores experiences of well-being, mental ill-health, family, school, and peer relations in students in special education.

Methods: Ten students in special education, aged 13-16 years, answered the Wellbeing in Special Education Questionnaire (WellSEQ) and participated in semi-structured interviews.

Is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) more of a strain regarding satisfaction with marital quality for male or female partners? A three-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Men and women with a hereditary genetic disease are faced with different options when they plan to become parents. One is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) which is a combination of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and genetic analysis of the embryo before implantation. The present study focuses on how men and women planning for PGD experience the quality of marital satisfaction when they apply for treatment and again, three years later.

Experiences of Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) in Sweden: a Three-Year Follow-Up of Men and Women.

Men and women with a hereditary genetic disease are faced with different options when they wish to become parents. One is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) which is a combination of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and genetic analysis of the embryo before implantation. The present study focused on men and women's psychological experiences of PGD three years after applying for PGD.

Do Self- and Proxy Reports of Cognitive Problems Reflect Intellectual Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects?

Aim: Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) who suffer from cognitive impairments and school difficulties need to be identified as early as possible in order to set appropriate interventions in place that may enhance the school situation and quality of life for these children. Identifying children and adolescents at risk for cognitive difficulties requires specific screening tools. This study assessed such a tool - Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cardiac Module subscale: Cognitive Problems - to investigate whether proxy reported and self-reported cognitive problems were associated with measured intellectual functioning in children and adolescents with CHD treated with surgery or by catheter interventions.