Effects of Voice Therapy: A Comparison Between Individual and Group Therapy.

Objective: The primary aim of this clinical evaluation project is to study the effect of voice therapy given in the speech-language pathology clinic, as individual and group therapy, as well as finding out some of the reasons for not attending the recommended therapy.

Method: All patients visiting the speech-language department during the study period were asked to participate in a clinical evaluation project. The project included filling out the questionnaire Swedish Voice Handicap Index (VHI-11) twice: at their first visit at the clinic, and approximately 1 year later.

Degeneration pattern in somatic embryos of L.

Somatic embryos can be used for propagating forest trees vegetatively, which is of great importance for capturing the genetic gain in breeding programs. However, many economically important species are difficult or impossible to propagate via somatic embryogenesis. In order to get a better understanding of the difficulties to propagate species via somatic embryogenesis, we are studying the developmental pathway of somatic embryos in different cell lines.

Transcript profiling for early stages during embryo development in Scots pine.

Background: Characterization of the expression and function of genes regulating embryo development in conifers is interesting from an evolutionary point of view. However, our knowledge about the regulation of embryo development in conifers is limited. During early embryo development in Pinus species the proembyo goes through a cleavage process, named cleavage polyembryony, giving rise to four embryos.

Droplet-size distribution and stability of commercial injectable lipid emulsions containing fish oil.

Purpose: The droplet size of commercial fish oil-containing injectable lipid emulsions, including conformance to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standards on fat-globule size, was investigated.

Methods: A total of 18 batches of three multichamber parenteral products containing the emulsion SMOFlipid as a component were analyzed. Samples from multiple lots of the products were evaluated to determine compliance with standards on the volume-weighted percentage of fat exceeding 0.

Embryogenic potential and expression of embryogenesis-related genes in conifers are affected by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

Somatic embryogenesis is used for vegetative propagation of conifers. Embryogenic cultures can be established from zygotic embryos; however, the embryogenic potential decreases during germination. In Arabidopsis, LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes are expressed during the embryonic stage, and must be repressed to allow germination.

Tryptophan-accelerated electron flow through proteins.

Energy flow in biological structures often requires submillisecond charge transport over long molecular distances. Kinetics modeling suggests that charge-transfer rates can be greatly enhanced by multistep electron tunneling in which redox-active amino acid side chains act as intermediate donors or acceptors. We report transient optical and infrared spectroscopic experiments that quantify the extent to which an intervening tryptophan residue can facilitate electron transfer between distant metal redox centers in a mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin.

Synthesis and photophysics of one mononuclear Mn(III) and one dinuclear Mn(III,III) complex covalently linked to a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) complex.

The preparation of donor (D)-photosensitizer (S) arrays, consisting of a manganese complex as D and a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex as S has been pursued. Two new ruthenium complexes containing coordinating sites for one (2a) and two manganese ions (3a) were prepared in order to provide models for the donor side of photosystem II in green plants. The manganese coordinating site consists of bridging and terminal phenolate as well as terminal pyridyl ligands.

Ruthenium-manganese complexes for artificial photosynthesis: factors controlling intramolecular electron transfer and excited-state quenching reactions.

Continuing our work toward a system mimicking the electron-transfer steps from manganese to P(680)(+) in photosystem II (PS II), we report a series of ruthenium(II)-manganese(II) complexes that display intramolecular electron transfer from manganese(II) to photooxidized ruthenium(III). The electron-transfer rate constant (k(ET)) values span a large range, 1 x 10(5)-2 x 10(7) s(-1), and we have investigated different factors that are responsible for the variation. The reorganization energies determined experimentally (lambda = 1.