Association of corneal endothelial cell morphology with neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) detects neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia and identifies subjects with MCI who develop dementia. This study assessed whether abnormalities in corneal endothelial cell (CEC) morphology are related to corneal nerve morphology, brain volumetry, cerebral ischemia, and cognitive impairment in MCI and dementia.

Methods: Participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, and dementia underwent CCM to quantify corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) and area (CECA), corneal nerve fiber morphology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry, and severity of brain ischemia.

Gas gangrene due to Clostridium haemolyticum in a cat with aortic thromboembolism treated using clopidogrel and rivaroxaban.

A 12-year-old Bengal cat with unclassified cardiomyopathy presented for signs consistent with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). It was treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban as antithrombotic therapy, combined with narcotic analgesia and frusemide. After initially making a clinical improvement, the cat's condition suddenly deteriorated, with a presumptive diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis.

Production of sterile trout (Triploids) by chromosome set manipulation using thermal shock treatment in rainbow trout () from Kashmir Himalayas.

Rainbow trout () is a promising cultivable fish species with significant potential for expansion. As a cold-water fish belonging to the Salmonidae family, it requires an optimal temperature range of 10-15°C for optimal growth. This study explores a method for producing sterile rainbow trout with maximum survival rates by using heat shock treatment to enhance growth characteristics and improve aquaculture practices.

Repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sexual Function in Males Updated Review.

SARS-CoV-2, also called coronavirus causes SARS-CoV-2 or severe acute respir-atory syndrome, a highly transmissible disease that has rapidly spread worldwide, straining healthcare systems and leading to a substantial number of fatalities. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 has revealed a gender difference, with males dying at a greater rate and with more severe cases than women. It's worth noting that the male reproductive system might be par-ticularly susceptible to damage during periods of moderate to severe sickness, which has been linked to cases of orchitis and erectile dysfunction.

Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium in an aged cat.

In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the "leprosy-like" diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing Mycobacteria spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity.

Comparison of MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score with Clinico-Radiological Grading.

 Knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent degenerative diseases of the joints in the body. Various scoring system exists for grading OA, such as (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS), (2) clinical grading by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and (3) X-ray grading of the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system (K-L).  To study MRI findings and MOAKS scoring of knee OA and correlation with WOMAC and K-L scoring.

Earlier diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in primary care in Latin America using a simple screening tool (ACT).

Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) can significantly impair quality of life, but often remains undiagnosed due to limited clinic time, lack of specialist expertise and lack of patient awareness. There are several validated questionnaires for diagnosing PN, but the time taken to administer them in busy primary care clinics limits their utilization. A new, simpler questionnaire was developed following an advisory board meeting in Southeast Asia and was further refined and translated to Portuguese and Spanish following a second advisory board meeting in Latin America.

Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies and Differentiates Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy.

Purpose: To assess whether corneal nerve analysis can identify and differentiate patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from those with epilepsy.

Methods: Participants with MS (n = 83), participants with epilepsy (n = 50), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20) underwent corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and quantification of automated corneal nerve fiber length (ACNFL), automated corneal nerve fractal dimension (ACNFrD), and ACNFrD/ACNFL ratio of the subbasal nerve plexus.

Results: ACNFL (MS: P < 0.

Economic Accessibility of Orthodontic Care in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background The rising demand for orthodontic services is juxtaposed with concerns regarding economic accessibility for diverse socioeconomic groups. Aim This study aims to investigate the economic accessibility of orthodontic care in India through a comprehensive questionnaire-based approach. Material and methods The survey involved a random sample of 5,000 patients actively seeking orthodontic treatment, recruited from both dental college clinics and private dental practices.

A strategic approach to evaluating battery innovation investments.

Driven predominantly by public and private innovation, rechargeable batteries have, over a few decades, graduated from powering luxury consumer electronics to becoming one of the linchpins of the energy transition. Rapid adoption trends of batteries must accelerate to meet global net-zero targets for mobility and stationary storage, and will require making sound investments in battery innovation that deliver the most value. Because battery innovation is increasingly complex, multi-disciplinary, and subject to the coordination of stakeholders across academia, industry, government, and the broader public, building common and intuitive frameworks for understanding becomes critical to making progress.

Ethnopharmacological Perspective for Treatment of Epilepsy: An Updated Review.

Plants have been used as healing agents since humanity began. This review presents the plant profiles inhabiting the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for the treatment of epilepsy. The bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing standard reference textbooks, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed databases.

Lessons on AI implementation from senior clinical practitioners: An exploratory qualitative study in medical imaging and radiotherapy in the UK.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform medical imaging and radiotherapy; both fields where radiographers' use of AI tools is increasing. This study aimed to explore the views of those professionals who are now using AI tools.

Methods: A small-scale exploratory research process was employed, where qualitative data was obtained from five UK-based participants; all professionals working in medical imaging and radiotherapy who use AI in clinical practice.

Genotyping and drug susceptibility profiling of Prototheca sp. strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs.

Background: Protothecosis in dogs is a rare, yet emerging disease, distinguished by its often-aggressive clinical course and high fatality rate. Our study was conducted to enhance treatment protocols for affected dogs by better understanding the genetic diversity and drug resistance patterns of Prototheca species.

Objectives: To identify species and drug susceptibility profiles of an international collection of 28 Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs.

MALAT1 is important for facilitating HIV-1 latency reversal in latently infected monocytes.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long RNA transcripts with length >200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. They play a crucial role in regulating HIV-1 infection, yet their involvement in myeloid cells remains underexplored. Myeloid cells are susceptible to HIV infection and contribute substantially to the latent HIV reservoir.

Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant as Successful Curative Therapy for IL10RB Mutation-Associated Very Early Onset IBD.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are complex chronic disorders with a relapsing-remitting course that affect the gut due to dysregulated immune response. The incidence of these disorders is increasing globally along with an increase in the incidence in pediatric population. Very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases are seen in children with age less than 6 years, where monogenic causes predominate.

Transitions to crop residue burning have multiple antecedents in Eastern India.

Unlabelled: Far removed from the agricultural fire "hotspots" of Northwestern India, rice residue burning is on the rise in Eastern India with implications for regional air quality and agricultural sustainability. The underlying drivers contributing to the increase in burning have been linked to the adoption of mechanized (combine) harvesting but, in general, are inadequately understood. We hypothesize that the adoption of burning as a management practice results from a set of socio-technical interactions rather than emerging from a single factor.

Pain and small fiber pathology in men with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Introduction: Small fiber pathology may be involved in the pathophysiology of pain in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Objectives: This prospective single-center case-control study provides detailed pain phenotyping and small fiber pathology data in a cohort of men with FMS on a morphological and functional level.

Methods: Forty-two men with FMS underwent a comprehensive pain-related interview and neurological examination, a questionnaire and neurophysiological assessment, and specialized small fiber tests: skin punch biopsy, quantitative sensory testing including C-tactile afferents, and corneal confocal microscopy.

Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.

Background: Breast cancer presents a significant global health burden. An accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is imperative for timely intervention. While dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is highly sensitive, its specificity is limited.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of hydromethanolic extract of Jacobaea maritima leaves in rabbits.

The study investigated the wound healing efficacy of Jacobaea maritima leaf extract in rabbits through various wound models. A methanol-based extract was prepared from air-dried J. maritima leaves and used to formulate ointments at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%.

Deep Learning-Based Detection of Carotid Plaques Informs Cardiovascular Risk Prediction and Reveals Genetic Drivers of Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of global mortality, is driven by lipid accumulation and plaque formation within arterial walls. Carotid plaques, detectable via ultrasound, are a well-established marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we trained a deep learning model to detect plaques in 177,757 carotid ultrasound images from 19,499 UK Biobank (UKB) participants (aged 47-83 years) to assess the prevalence, risk factors, prognostic significance, and genetic architecture of carotid atherosclerosis in a large population-based cohort.

Personalized management of hepatic glycogen storage disorders: The role of continuous glucose monitoring.

Objective: Glycogen storage disorders (GSD), inherent disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, feature hypoglycemia as a hallmark. Normoglycemia and glucose monitoring are pivotal in disease management. Conventional glucometer-based monitoring may overlook hypoglycemic trends.