Cohort profile: the BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) cohort study.

Purpose: Bangladesh has experienced a rapid epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in recent decades. There is, however, limited evidence about multidimensional determinants of NCDs in this population. The BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) study is a household-based prospective cohort study established to investigate biological, behavioural, environmental and broader determinants of NCDs.

Lymphocytic Gastritis in a Patient With Microscopic Colitis: A Case Report.

Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is a rare form of gastritis characterized by lymphocytosis in the gastric mucosa, while microscopic colitis (MC) is the chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine with lymphocytic or collagenous colitis as two distinct histologic forms. These lymphocytic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have various associations, commonly gluten-sensitive enteropathy, infection and while others are less commonly associated. We report a case of a 24-year-old patient with concomitant lymphocytic gastritis and microscopic colitis diagnosed via histopathologic analysis of tissue specimens from stomach and colon.

Exploring Neurohormonal Modulation by Acetazolamide in Heart Failure.

Background Heart failure (HF) is commonly managed by addressing water and sodium (Na) balance, with arterial circulation playing a major role in influencing renal Na and water excretion. Recently, chloride (Cl) has been recognized as an important factor in HF, associated with volume regulation and its modulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity through macula densa signaling, which impacts Na retention and neurohormonal activation. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can enhance decongestion in HF by increasing urinary Na and Cl excretion when added to loop diuretics, a mechanism supported by prior studies demonstrating improved urine output and decongestion.

Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and AI Innovations.

Cardiovascular diseases are some of the underlying reasons contributing to the relentless rise in mortality rates across the globe. In this regard, there is a genuine need to integrate advanced technologies into the medical realm to detect such diseases accurately. Moreover, numerous academic studies have been published using AI-based methodologies because of their enhanced accuracy in detecting heart conditions.

Continuous Flow Synthesis and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advances and Innovations.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of solid-state materials comprising inorganic elements and organic molecules. These hybrid materials are widely recognized for their diverse properties, rendering them indispensable in the field of organic synthesis, material science and the pharmaceutical industry. Although the traditional batch methods for MOFs synthesis are well-developed, they often struggle with reproducibility, scalability and environmental issues.

Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022.

Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, and relation to the contact for each person. Participants reported a mean of 8.

An integral membrane constitutively active heparanase enhances the tumor infiltration capability of NK cells.

Eradication of cancer cells by the immune system requires extravasation, infiltration and progression of immune cells through the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). These are also critical determinants for successful adoptive cell immunotherapy of solid tumors. Together with structural proteins, such as collagens and fibronectin, heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are major components of the ECM.

Understanding the socioeconomic dimensions of antibiotic resistance: a critical marketting perspective of healthcare stakeholders.

Objective: To explore the socioeconomic dimensions of antimicrobial resistance, emphasising the risks associated with imprudent use of antibiotics and the consequent emergence of drug-resistant "superbugs."

Methods: The study employed constructivist grounded theory to investigate the perspectives of stakeholders, including physicians, patients, pharmacists, sales managers, and Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) employees. In-depth interviews were conducted with these stakeholders at their workplaces in 2022 and 2023, and transcripts were meticulously transcribed for analysis.

Association Between Food Insecurity and Inability to Obtain Provider-Recommended Medications, Multidisciplinary Services, and Technology in Youth and Young Adults With Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: We assessed if food insecurity (FI) is associated with not obtaining recommended diabetes medications, technology, and multidisciplinary services, and explored the most common reasons for not obtaining recommended treatments in youth and young adults (YYA) with diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among 911 YYA with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 144 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study Follow-up 1 (2018-2021), FI (≥ 3 items affirmed from the 18-item Household Food Security Survey module), and inability to obtain recommended treatments were self-reported.

Results: Almost 30% of YYA with T1D and FI and 20% of YYA with T2D and FI did not obtain 1 or more recommended treatments.

Reappraisal of soft tissue myoepithelial tumors by DNA methylation profiling reveals an epigenetically distinct group of mostly fusion-driven neoplasms.

Soft tissue myoepithelial tumors (METs) are diagnostically challenging tumors that require careful histologic and immunohistochemical characterization for accurate classification. Nearly half of METs show recurrent EWSR1 or FUS gene rearrangements with a diverse set of fusion partners. The diversity of fusion partners and lack of known driver abnormalities in many cases raises the question of whether METs represent a uniformly distinct tumor entity.

Patients' & students' perspectives on bedside teaching: A descriptive study.

Objective: To assess the student's and patients' perspectives about bedside teaching and to identify possible barriers that delay effective bedside teaching.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two teaching hospitals in Peshawar with 153 participants through non-probability serial sampling from December 2017 to March 2018. Interview-based validated questionnaires were used and pilot tested as well.

Plasma neurofilament analysis in VITALITY-ALS.

Objective: To evaluate correlations between neurofilament (Nf) concentrations and clinical characteristics and disease progression using a large longitudinal dataset from VITALITY-ALS (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02496767), a 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of in people with ALS (pALS).

Methods: Plasma was collected at baseline and every 8 weeks thereafter.

Standard-of-Care Medication Withdrawal in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Receiving Aficamten in FOREST-HCM.

Background: Standard-of-care (SoC) medications for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) are recommended as first-line therapy despite the lack of evidence from controlled clinical trials and well known off-target side effects.

Objectives: We describe the impact of SoC therapy downtitration and withdrawal in patients already receiving aficamten in FOREST-HCM (Follow-Up, Open-Label, Research Evaluation of Sustained Treatment with Aficamten in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; NCT04848506).

Methods: Patients receiving SoC therapy (beta-blocker, nondihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, and/or disopyramide) were eligible for protocol-guided SoC downtitration and withdrawal at the discretion of the investigator and after achieving a stable dose of aficamten for ≥4 weeks.

Improving Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use in Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of .

Depression Rates in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative.

This study used data from the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative to compare depression rates in youth with type 1 diabetes before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and identify characteristics of individuals with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Rates of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms remained stable before and during the pandemic, at 9.6-10.

Reassessing the Burden of Food Insecurity in Youth and Young Adults With Youth-onset Diabetes: The Importance of Marginal Food Security.

Introduction: Whereas marginal food insecurity has been recognized as important in Canadian food security policy, the category of marginal food security (MFS) is often ignored in US food security research.

Methods: Prevalence of FI was estimated according to the conventional and an alternate classification of MFS with food insecurity among 938 youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 156 with youth-onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study (2018-2021). Multivariable regression was used to estimate the association of MFS and conventionally defined food insecurity (FI) ascertained with diabetes-related outcomes, including acute diabetes complications, health care utilization, and diabetes self-management among YYA with T1D.

Myeloid sarcomas with CBFA2T3 : GLIS2 fusion: clinicopathologic characterization of 4 cases mimicking small round cell tumors.

Objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia with CBFA2T3::GLIS2 fusion can initially present as extramedullary lesions (myeloid sarcoma), leading to a misdiagnosis of nonhematologic pediatric solid tumors.

Methods: We characterized the clinicopathologic features of 4 cases of CBFA2T3::GLIS2 fusion-positive myeloid sarcoma in pediatric patients where the sarcoma presented either without leukemic involvement (isolated myeloid sarcoma; 3/4 [75%]) or had concurrent leukemic disease (1/4 [25%]).

Results: All cases mimicked nonhematopoietic tumors at morphologic and immunophenotypic levels, so the initial evaluation did not raise suspicion for acute myeloid leukemia/myeloid sarcoma.