A double-edged sword effect of silver nanoparticles on angiogenesis in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice.

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly known to have anticancer effects, but few studies have examined their adverse effects, so the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The current study investigated the critical influence of AgNPs on angiogenesis in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice.

Methods: The sub-lethal dose of AgNPs (0.

Exosomes isolated from metabolically unhealthy normal weight and overweight phenotypes deteriorate the ER/PR positive breast cancer behavior.

Purpose: Obesity has been linked to a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer Yet, research indicates an opposite correlation between obesity and premenopausal breast cancer risk. Various obesity phenotypes based on metabolic health could play a significant part. This study aims to assess how plasma exosomes taken from women with varying obesity phenotypes impact MCF-7 cell migration, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, and apoptosis.

The obeticholic acid can positively regulate the cancerous behavior of MCF7 breast cancer cell line.

Background: The diagnosis and treatment processes of cancer are among the main challenges of medical science in recent decades. The use of different therapeutic agents is one of the most common methods frequently utilized for cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence points to a potential effect of Obeticholic acid (OCA), a specific ligand for farnesoid X receptor, on the regulation of cancer-associated pathways.

The Ability of Antibody against Truncated Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Peptide to Evaluate the Native Protein on Tear Drops of Dry Eye Disease Patients by a Point-of-Care Diagnostic System.

Purpose: To obtain a reactive and specific antibody against truncated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), that has reactivity toward the native protein. Precision, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were evaluated using a point-of-care test.

Methods: An study was used to confirm the anti peptide truncated MMP-9 is against native MMP-9.

Metabolically healthy/unhealthy obesity and breast cancer: A possible role of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles on the cancerous behavior of triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Obesity has known detrimental effects on breast cancer (BC) development and progression. However, it's essential to consider the obesity phenotype based on metabolic health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from women with metabolically healthy or unhealthy normal weight, overweight, and obesity on MDA-MB-231 cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis.

Apoptotic effects of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium on human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Introduction: Breast cancer, as the most common malignancy among women, is shown to have a high mortality rate and resistance to chemotherapy. Research has shown the possible inhibitory role of Mesenchymal stem cells in curing cancer. Thus, the present work used human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hAFMSCs-CM) as an apoptotic reagent on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

A theoretical strategy for acceleration of human immune response against SARS-CoV-2: a fusion protein harboring virus-binding and pre-exposed antigen domains.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that outbreaks since December 2019 and spread globally. Various methods have been used to treat SARS-CoV-2 that is generally based on the information obtained from the therapeutic approaches used for SARS-COV and MERS patients. In this article, we introduce a theoretical strategy in which a two-domain fusion protein presents the virus to the immune system.

Paper based analytical devices for blood grouping: a comprehensive review.

The clinical importance of blood group (BG) antigens is related to their ability to induce immune antibodies that can cause hemolysis. Yet, ABO and D (Rh) are still considered to be the key antigens for healthy blood transfusion and secondary antigens are the next priority. Serological typing is the most widely used typing method.

Evaluating the effect of a mixture of two main conjugated linoleic acid isomers on hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cellular model.

Hepatic steatosis is an early form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), caused by abnormal fat deposition in the hepatocytes. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric dienoic isomers of linoleic acid that attract significant attention because of its beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This study examined the influence of a mixture of two main CLA isomers (CLA-mix) on lipid accumulation and lipid metabolism-related genes using HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) as an in vitro model for hepatic steatosis.

Specific cellular internalization and pH-responsive behavior of doxorubicin loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles targeted with anti EGFRvIII antibody.

Aim: Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles have attracted much attention in the field of cancer treatment due to the enhancement of the tumor cell response to anticancer drugs as well as reducing the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents on healthy tissues. However, most studies in this field generally mentioned the specific cellular uptake of conjugated nanoparticles. In this study, we loaded doxorubicin (DXR: as an effective antineoplastic agent) in PLGA-PEG (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-(polyethylene glycol) biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and then conjugated with anti-EGFRvIII antibody.

The possible effect of silver nanoparticles on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and formation of amyloid-like aggregates in MCF-7 cell line.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine, however, the underlying mechanisms of their action on cellular signaling have not been completely determined, and fundamental studies are required to clarify them. We aimed to investigate AgNPs effects on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as both the internal control gene and the redox-sensitive enzyme involved in apoptosis-related pathways and the formation of amyloid aggregates. To achieve this purpose, MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 3, 22, and 200 μg/ml) of AgNPs and then cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of apoptosis, expression of GAPDH gene, the formation of amyloid aggregates, and GAPDH activity were assessed.

Influence of plasma circulating exosomes obtained from obese women on tumorigenesis and tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7 cells.

Obesity is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness and drug resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, recent studies indicated that exosomes have a principal contributory role in obesity-associated metabolic complications. Hence, we investigated whether obesity can mediate breast cancer progression and resistance to tamoxifen by plasma-derived-exosomes from obese women or not.

Positive Correlation between Circulating Fetuin-A and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Men.

Objective: Fetuin-A serves a dual function; its high levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and on the other hand, it serves as a potent inhibitor of ectopic vascular calcification. Due to the opposing findings, the aim of the current study was to investigate serum fetuin-A levels in men with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: In the case-control study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were determined in 83 men (43 CAD patients and 40 control subjects).

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes.

Introduction: Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key role in hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes in cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells.

Effect of circulating exosomes derived from normal-weight and obese women on gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis and secretion of FGF21 and fetuin A in HepG2 cells.

Background: It is generally accepted that obesity can lead to metabolic disorders such as NAFLD and insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanism has been poorly understood. Moreover, there is evidence to support the possible role of exosomes in the metabolic homeostasis regulation.

The Influence of Psychological Stress on the Initiation and Progression of Diabetes and Cancer.

Context: Psychological stress can be considered a risk factor for the initiation and progression of many pathological conditions, including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this review article was to evaluate the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking psychological stress to the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer.

Evidence Acquisition: The current review was conducted to survey and analyze studies related to the effects of psychological stress on diabetes and cancer.

A critical challenge in the development of antibody: Selecting the appropriate fragment of the target protein as an antigen based on various epitopes or similar structure.

The main challenge in the development of antibody is to select the appropriate antigen particularly when a truncated protein is used for immunization or as vaccine antigen. In previous studies, fragment selection was mainly based on epitopes and less often on the structure. Fewer studies have paid attention to the prediction of the truncated protein 3D structure and retained its similarity in the native and truncated proteins.

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Against Truncated Recombinant Dickkopf-1 as a Candidate Biomarker.

Several studies have reported an increased serum level of Dickkopf (DKK-1) protein in a variety of cancers, including multiple myeloma, lung, colorectal, bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease. This protein has potential to be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of some cancers, especially bone loss in multiple myeloma. In the present study, to measure the concentration level of DKK-1 protein, rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this protein.

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles on different tissues of Balb/C mice.

Aim: The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on adult Balb/C mice.

Main Methods: Twenty five Balb/C mice purchased and divided into four groups of five. Group one serves as control and injected by normal saline; group's two to four were injected by Ag NPs at 0.

Evaluation of targeted curcumin (CUR) loaded PLGA nanoparticles for in vitro photodynamic therapy on human glioblastoma cell line.

In this study, antibody-conjugated biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were developed to enhance the photodaynamic efficiency of curcumin (CUR) on glioblastoma tumor cells. Poly (D, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) were synthesized and stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) was used to provide carboxyl groups on the surface of NPs.

Expression of miRNAs Targeting mTOR and S6K1 Genes of mTOR Signaling Pathway Including miR-96, miR-557, and miR-3182 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer. Aberrant expression of genes in mTOR pathway and their targeting miRNAs plays an important role in TNBC. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of mTOR and S6K1 and their targeting miRNAs in breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples.

Effects of LED-Based photodynamic therapy using red and blue lights, with natural hydrophobic photosensitizers on human glioma cell line.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received high attention in cancer treatment due to its minimal side effects, specific cancer-targeting, non-invasion and low cost. It utilizes a specific group of anti-cancer drugs called photosensitizers (PS), which can be only activated under a certain wavelength light illumination and kills cancer cells. To screen the potential of PS and setup of PDT treatment protocol, it is essential to assess the PDT efficacy in vitro.

Targeted delivery of doxorubicin into tumor cells by nanostructured lipid carriers conjugated to anti-EGFRvIII monoclonal antibody.

Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common variant of the EGF receptor in many human tumors. This variant is tumor specific and highly immunogenic, thus, it can be used as a target for targeted drug delivery toward tumor cells. The major aim of this study was to develop an EGFRvIII-mediated drug delivery system by anti-EGFRvIII monoclonal antibody (MAb) conjugated to doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to enhance the targeting specificity and cytotoxic effect of Dox on EGFRvIII-overexpressing cell line.

mZD7349 peptide-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles directed against VCAM-1 for targeted delivery of simvastatin to restore dysfunctional HUVECs.

Endothelial dysfunction is initial and critical step of atherosclerosis. Impaired bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is one of the main reasons of endothelial dysfunction. Improving bioavailability of eNOS by increasing its expression or activity using statins is an effective therapeutic strategy in restoring endothelial dysfunction.

Potential of mZD7349-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for selective targeting of vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 in inflamed endothelium.

Early diagnosis and restoring normal function of dysfunctional endothelium is an attractive strategy for prevention of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Inhibition of cell adhesion in the process of atherosclerosis plaque formation, mediated by peptide antagonists of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) has already been developed and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, for the first time, modified ZD7349 (mZD7349) peptide, as an antagonist for VLA-4, was used for targeting fluorescein isothiocyanate-loaded poly (DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (FITC-PLGA NPs).