Expanded geographic distribution for two sequence types of clinical concern.

serogroup 1 sequence types (ST) 213 and 222, a single-locus variant of ST213, were first detected in the early 1990s in the Midwest United States (U.S.) and the late 1990s in the Northeast U.

Genomic heterogeneity differentiates clinical and environmental subgroups of Legionella pneumophila sequence type 1.

Legionella spp. are the cause of a severe bacterial pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease (LD). In some cases, current genetic subtyping methods cannot resolve LD outbreaks caused by common, potentially endemic L.

Comparative genome analysis reveals a complex population structure of Legionella pneumophila subspecies.

The majority of Legionnaires' disease (LD) cases are caused by Legionella pneumophila, a genetically heterogeneous species composed of at least 17 serogroups. Previously, it was demonstrated that L. pneumophila consists of three subspecies: pneumophila, fraseri and pascullei.

Implications of Genome-Based Discrimination between Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes Strains for Bacterial Taxonomy.

Taxonomic classification of Clostridium botulinum is based on the production of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), while closely related, nontoxic organisms are classified as Clostridium sporogenes. However, this taxonomic organization does not accurately mirror phylogenetic relationships between these species. A phylogenetic reconstruction using 2,016 orthologous genes shared among strains of C.

Analysis of IS1236-mediated gene amplification events in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1.

Recombination between insertion sequence copies can cause genetic deletion, inversion, or duplication. However, it is difficult to assess the fraction of all genomic rearrangements that involve insertion sequences. In previous gene duplication and amplification studies of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, an insertion sequence was evident in approximately 2% of the characterized duplication sites.