Generation and Maintenance of Patient-Derived Endometrial Cancer Organoids.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Despite advancements in cancer research, EC death rates are increasing, particularly high-grade endometrial cancers.

Navigating Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Balancing Symptom Relief With Cancer Risk.

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

Updates in the Management of Uveal Melanoma.

Uveal melanoma (UM), arising from intraocular melanocytes, poses a complex clinical challenge with a substantial risk of distant metastasis, often to the liver. Molecular profiling, encompassing genetic, cytogenetic, gene expression, and immunological subsets, plays a pivotal role in determining prognoses. The evolving landscape includes promising systemic treatments, such as tebentafusp, a novel immune-modulating bispecific fusion protein, and targeted therapies.

Severe COVID-19 Is Associated With an Altered Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome.

Background: The upper respiratory tract (URT) is the portal of entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and SARS-CoV-2 likely interacts with the URT microbiome. However, understanding of the associations between the URT microbiome and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited.

Objective: Our primary objective was to identify URT microbiome signature/s that consistently changed over a spectrum of COVID-19 severity.

The clinical utility of gene expression assays in breast cancer patients with 0-3 involved lymph nodes.

Multigene expression assays are prognostic for recurrence in hormone-receptor positive 2 (HER-2) negative breast cancer, and, in some cases, predictive of benefit from chemotherapy or extended endocrine therapy. The results of these assays may be used to guide treatment recommendations for early HER-2 negative breast cancer. We review the results of trials establishing the clinical utility of several commercially available gene expression assays.

Aspirin Actions in Treatment of NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is characterized by nasal polyposis, chronic rhinosinusitis, adult-onset asthma and hypersensitive reactions to cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Among the available treatments for this disease, a combination of endoscopic sinus surgery followed by aspirin desensitization and aspirin maintenance therapy has been an effective approach. Studies have shown that long-term aspirin maintenance therapy can reduce the rate of nasal polyp recurrence in patients with N-ERD.

COVID-19-Induced Anosmia and Ageusia Are Associated With Younger Age and Lower Blood Eosinophil Counts.

Background: Anosmia and ageusia are symptoms commonly associated with COVID-19, but the relationship with disease severity, onset and recovery are unclear.

Objective: To examine factors associated with anosmia and ageusia and the recovery from these symptoms in an ethnically diverse cohort.

Methods: Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 between March and April 2020 were eligible for the study.

Rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease and its effect on multiple systems is growing. Kidney injury has been a topic of focus, and rhabdomyolysis is suspected to be one of the contributing mechanisms.

Proteomics-level analysis of myelin formation and regeneration in a mouse model for Vanishing White Matter disease.

Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in translation initiation factor eIF2B and leading to progressive brain myelin deterioration, secondary axonal damage, and death in early adolescence. Eif2b5(R132H/R132H) mice exhibit delayed developmental myelination, mild early neurodegeneration and a robust remyelination defect in response to cuprizone-induced demyelination. In the current study we used Eif2b5(R132H/R132H) mice for mass-spectrometry analyses, to follow the changes in brain protein abundance in normal- versus cuprizone-diet fed mice during the remyelination recovery phase.

Poor cerebral inflammatory response in eIF2B knock-in mice: implications for the aetiology of vanishing white matter disease.

Background: Mutations in any of the five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) can lead to an inherited chronic-progressive fatal brain disease of unknown aetiology termed leucoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM). VWM is one of the most prevalent childhood white matter disorders, which markedly deteriorates after inflammation or exposure to other stressors. eIF2B is a major housekeeping complex that governs the rate of global protein synthesis under normal and stress conditions.