Development of a single port dual arm robotically steerable endoscope for neurosurgical applications.

Single-port surgical robots have gained popularity due to less patient trauma and quicker post-surgery recovery. However, due to limited access provided by a single incision, the miniaturization and maneuverability of these robots still needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose the design of a single-port, dual-arm robotically steerable endoscope containing one steerable major cannula and two steerable minor cannulas.

Massive haemoperitoneum from an unidentified source in a woman with vWD.

Von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is an inherited coagulopathy. In women, this condition can present as periovulatory intra-abdominal bleeding or bleeding from the corpus luteum. A diagnosed case of vWD presented as an emergency with nausea, acute abdominal pain and dizziness.

Education Research: Utilization of Simulation in Residency Programs: A Survey of Adult Neurology Residency Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that simulation-based medical education (SBME) can improve neurology trainees' confidence, knowledge, and competence. However, a general needs assessment and review of current SBME used within neurology are needed to guide SBME curriculum development. The objective of this study was to describe the current use of SBME in resident education and to assess perceived barriers to expanding SBME interventions.

Disparities Attributable to Sex Differences in 4680 Lumbar Fusion Outcomes.

Background: While studies have examined the relationship between sex and outcomes after lumbar fusion surgery, few have strictly controlled for other patient-level variables. In this study, we use coarsened exact matching to determine the effect of patient-reported sex on spinal fusion outcomes.

Methods: Outcomes across 4680 consecutive adult single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusions at a multihospital academic medical center were retrospectively assessed.

The "July Effect" scrutinized: A coarsened-exact match analysis of lumbar fusion outcomes during resident transition.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess for a "July Effect" by comparing exact matched patients undergoing single-level spinal fusions in July or in the latter half of the academic year.

Methods: Data from 2338 patients who underwent single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion at a single, multicenter university hospital system were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcomes were 90-day unplanned hospital readmissions, Emergency Department (ED) evaluations, reoperations, non-home discharge, and all-cause mortality.

Lumbar Spinal Fusion Outcomes in Patients With Cancer Compared to Matched Peers Without Cancer.

Study Design: Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.

Objectives: Optimization of medical comorbidities is an essential part of preoperative management. However, the isolated effects of individual comorbidities have not been evaluated within a homogenous spine surgery population.

Environmental fungi target thiol homeostasis to compete with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterial species in nature are found in abundance in sphagnum peat bogs where they compete for nutrients with a variety of microorganisms including fungi. We screened a collection of fungi isolated from sphagnum bogs by co-culture with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to look for inducible expression of antitubercular agents and identified 5 fungi that produced cidal antitubercular agents upon exposure to live Mtb. Whole genome sequencing of these fungi followed by fungal RNAseq after Mtb exposure allowed us to identify biosynthetic gene clusters induced by co-culture.

Upper instrumented vertebra pedicle screw loosening following adult spinal deformity surgery: incidence and outcome analysis.

Objective: Surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) is associated with a high rate of hardware complication that can be challenging to predict. Hardware integrity and alignment after surgery are typically followed with standing radiography, where pedicle screw loosening may be incidentally identified but the clinical significance of which is often unclear. This study aimed to identify the incidence and implications of pedicle screw loosening at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) after surgical correction of ASD.

Does Serum Estradiol Prior to Progesterone Administration in Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle Impacts Live Birth Rate: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is a paucity of data on the optimal threshold of oestradiol (E2) levels required for successful implantation as this is a valid question to be answered, considering that significant number of fertilisation cycles are deferred for FET cycles.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the serum E2 levels before starting exogenous progesterone in artificial autologous frozen thawed embryo transfers on pregnancy outcomes.

Settings And Design: This was a cohort study wherein clinical data of 213 artificial autologous programmed hormone-regulated frozen embryo transfer (HR-FET) cycles were collected.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among private shopkeepers after COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Mohali, India.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected almost all sections of society. The economy of the country collapsed and it affected the economic situation of the common man. Private shopkeepers also suffered as they could not open their shops.

Therapy for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2024.2.

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Design, analysis, and demonstration of the COAST guidewire robot with middle tube rotation for endovascular interventions.

Minimally invasive procedures for endovascular interventions involve manual navigation of a guidewire. Endovascular interventions encompassing highly tortuous vessels would benefit from guidewires which exhibit higher dexterity. This paper introduces a version of the COAST (COaxially Aligned STeerable) guidewire system capable of exhibiting higher dexterity.

Atrial fibrillation in Black American patients: A review of genetics, risk factors, and outcomes.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in the United States, affects 6 million Americans, with numbers projected to increase to 12 million by 2030. A racial paradox difference in the incidence and prevalence of AF exists between Black and White Americans. Black Americans are less prone than White Americans to development of AF, but they display a higher burden of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and higher rates of ischemic stroke.

The American Headache Society First Contact-Headache in Primary Care program: Current metrics, knowledge assessments, and direction for future initiatives.

Objective: This study examines the American Headache Society First Contact-Headache in Primary Care program metrics to date in order to assess the program's reach and provide direction for future initiatives.

Background: Approximately 4 million primary care office visits annually are headache-specific encounters. Therefore, it is important that primary care providers are knowledgeable about headache management.

Recognition of Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Infants with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome.

Introduction: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition due to mutations in the transcription factor PHOX2B. It is characterized by alveolar hypoventilation with symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) due to glucose dysregulation caused by anomalous insulin secretion has been reported as a feature of CCHS.

'Age specific variations in ovarian reserves in healthy fertile and infertile women: A cross sectional study.

Ovarian reserve tests are valuable for evaluation of female fertility, and to formulate appropriate treatment strategies for infertile women. Antral follicle count (AFC) and Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) are most reliable markers of ovarian reserve which are related inversely to age. There are many factors that affect ovarian reserve like race, ethnicity, fertility status, BMI or any chronic illness.

Diabetes and heart disease do not affect short-term lumbar fusion outcomes accounting for other risk factors in a matched cohort analysis.

Objectives: Comprehensive preoperative management involves the identification and optimization of medical comorbidities while avoiding excessive healthcare utilization. While diabetes and heart disease are major causes of morbidity that can worsen surgical outcomes, further study is needed to evaluate how well current perioperative strategies mitigate their risks. This study employs an exact matching protocol to isolate the effects of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease on spine surgery outcomes.

Environmental sphagnum-associated fungi target thiol homeostasis to compete with .

Mycobacterial species in nature are found in abundance in sphagnum peat bogs where they compete for nutrients with a variety of microorganisms including fungi. We screened a collection of fungi isolated from sphagnum bogs by co-culture with () to look for inducible expression of antitubercular agents and identified five fungi that produced cidal antitubercular agents upon exposure to live . Whole genome sequencing of these fungi followed by fungal RNAseq after exposure allowed us to identify biosynthetic gene clusters induced by co-culture.

Reasons for Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Among Patients with Essential Tremor.

Background: Prior studies suggest that patients with essential tremor (ET) have increased rates of healthcare utilization, but the reason for this increased use is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reasons for healthcare use among ET patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of ET patients with an admission or emergency department (ED) visit at a tertiary health system from 2018-2023.

Effect of preprocedure anxiety and oestrogen levels on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for infertility: A prospective observational pilot study.

Background: Females undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries have a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Apart from the established risk factors, hormonal, psychological, genetic and ethnic factors may also contribute to postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and serum oestrogen level with postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy - hysteroscopy for infertility.