Comprehensive characterization and environmental implications of industrial and hazardous incineration ashes: insights into chemistry, mineralogy, elements' fractionation and leaching potential.

Global economic growth and population expansion contribute to heightened solid waste production, creating environmental challenges. Sustainable waste management, notably incineration, is crucial for volume reduction, energy recovery, and resource utilization. The escalating reliance on waste incineration underlines the critical necessity for detailed waste characterization.