A randomized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic trial of two regular human insulins demonstrates bioequivalence in type 1 diabetes and availability of biosimilar insulin may improve access to this medication.

Aims: To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects and safety of therapeutic dosages of a regular insulin (experimental drug) produced by Bioton S.A. (Warsaw, Poland) versus Humulin® R, a regular insulin (reference drug) produced by Eli Lilly (Indianapolis, Indiana).

The Review of Insulin Pens-Past, Present, and Look to the Future.

Currently, there are about 150-200 million diabetic patients treated with insulin globally. The year 2021 is special because the 100th anniversary of the insulin discovery is being celebrated. It is a good occasion to sum up the insulin pen technology invention and improvement which are nowadays the leading mode of an insulin delivery.

A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational, Open-Label Study of the Safety and Comfort of Gensulin Delivery Device Use in a Large Cohort of Adult and Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Insulin treatment is necessary for many patients with type 2 diabetes, and its delivery must be safe and comfortable. This study evaluated patients' safety and comfort when using a Gensulin delivery device, GensuPen (Bioton), a reusable insulin pen device for injecting Gensulin insulin among adult and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a 4-week multicenter, prospective, observational, open-label study in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 who have recently started using a GensuPen.

Improved insulin injection technique, treatment satisfaction and glycemic control: Results from a large cohort education study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate injection techniques, treatment satisfaction and glycemic control after education among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 4513 insulin-treated diabetic patients enrolled in the observational study EGIDA II (Education and GensuPen In Diabetology II) filled out the questionnaire which focused on key insulin injection parameters, pain sensation scale and satisfaction of the treatment form before (visit 1) and after 3 months treatment with insulin injection (visit 2). The education was performed by trained healthcare professionals.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Glycated Haemoglobin and Average Glucose Values in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Premixed Insulin.

Introduction: Studies assessing the relationship between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and average blood glucose (ABG) were conducted in small groups of patients on different treatments and may be biased for these reasons. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between HbA1c and ABG in a large group of type 2 diabetes patients treated with premix insulin.

Methods: In 4257 patients treated with premixed insulin, the parallel point-of-care assessment of HbA1c and ABG from the preceding 90 days (ABG90), calculated automatically from all values measured by the glucometer, was performed twice.

Efficacy, Safety, and Quality of Treatment Satisfaction of Premixed Human and Analogue Insulin Regimens in a Large Cohort of Type 2 Diabetic Patients: PROGENS BENEFIT Observational Study.

Diabetes is a lifelong course disease, so insulin treatment has to be effective and safe, and patients should be satisfied with it. We aimed to compare efficacy, safety, and quality of treatment satisfaction of human and premixed analogue insulin among 3264 patients (53.58% women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-life environment.

Diet-Related Knowledge and Physical Activity in a Large Cohort of Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients: PROGENS ARENA Study.

There is no doubt that behavioral intervention is crucial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and management. We aimed to estimate dietary habits and diet-oriented knowledge as well as the level of physical activity in 2500 insulin-treated Polish type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (55.4% women).

PROGENS-HbA study: safety and effectiveness of premixed recombinant human insulin (Gensulin M30).

Introduction: Insulin analogues have gained widespread popularity. However, in many countries the use of these drugs is limited by their relatively high cost, so there is still a need for more cost-effective human insulin therapies. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the premixed recombinant human insulin (rhuI) Gensulin M30 in a real-life setting.