Efficient, fast, simple, and eco-friendly methods for separation of toxic chromium(VI) ions based on ion exchangers and polymer materials impregnated with Cyphos IL 101, Cyphos IL 104, or D2EHPA.

In this study, we present the results of the first comparison of the elimination of toxic Cr(VI) ions, which are hazardous contamination of the environment, from aqueous solutions using ion exchangers (IEs) and polymer materials (PMs) impregnated with D2EHPA or ionic liquids (Cyphos IL 101 and Cyphos IL 104). Sorption of Cr(VI) ions and desorption from the formulated sorption materials were carried out. In comparison, classical solvent extraction was accomplished.

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions-A Mini Review.

The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in an intensive search for effective and environmentally safe methods for recovering these elements.

The Application of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants and Synthetic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions-A Mini Review.

Pollution of the environment, including water resources, is currently one of the greatest challenges due to emerging new contaminants of anthropogenic origin. Of particular concern are emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and pesticides, but also other industrial pollutants, for example, synthetic dyes. The growing demand for environmentally friendly and economical methods of removing emerging contaminants and synthetic dyes from wastewater resulted in increased interest in the possibility of using techniques based on the application of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for this purpose.

The Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions-The Latest Achievements and Potential Industrial Applications: A Review.

The growing demand for environmentally friendly and economical methods of removing toxic metal ions from polluted waters and for the recovery of valuable noble metal ions from various types of waste, which are often treated as their secondary source, has resulted in increased interest in techniques based on the utilization of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs). PIMs are characterized by many advantages (e.g.

Efficient Recovery of Noble Metal Ions (Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au) from Aqueous Solutions Using -Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) as an Extractant (Classic Solvent Extraction) and Carrier (Polymer Membranes).

This paper presents the results of the first application of -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen) as an extractant in classical liquid-liquid extraction and as a carrier in membrane processes designed for the recovery of noble metal ions (Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au) from aqueous solutions. In the case of the utilization of membranes, both sorption and desorption were investigated. Salen has not been used so far in the sorption processes of precious metal ions.

The Application of 2,6-Bis(4-Methoxybenzoyl)-Diaminopyridine in Solvent Extraction and Polymer Membrane Separation for the Recovery of Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions.

The work describes the results of the first application of 2,6-bis(4-methoxybenzoyl)-diaminopyridine () for the recovery of noble metal ions (Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II), Pt(II)) from aqueous solutions using two different separation processes: dynamic (classic solvent extraction) and static (polymer membranes). The stability constants of the complexes formed by the L with noble metal ions were determined using the spectrophotometry method. The results of the performed experiments clearly show that 2,6-bis(4-methoxybenzoyl)-diaminopyridine is an excellent extractant, as the recovery was over 99% for all studied noble metal ions.

Tautomeric equilibrium, proton affinity and mass spectrometry fragmentation of flexible hydrogen-bonded precursors and rigid [Formula: see text] fluorescent dyes.

The stability of two groups of conformationally locked molecules, similar in topology, but differing only by the type of the bridge rigidifying their structure, is studied. The series of the less-rigid 2-phenacylheterocyclic compounds and their stiff difluoroboranyl derivatives are investigated for the determination of the effect of [Formula: see text]/S/O replacement in a five-membered heterocyclic ring and the presence of a strong electron-donating group on the tautomeric equilibrium, protonation affinity, and fragmentation pattern observed in the structural elucidation by means of mass spectrometry technique. The results of the [Formula: see text]B97X-D/6-311++G(d,p) calculations, the topological analysis of electron density as well as the experimental MS measurements show the importance of the number of heteroatoms, their properties, and location in the molecule for the rational design of the systems of desired stable tautomers or the favorable protonation sites.

Simultaneous Recovery of Precious and Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Using Polymer Films Containing Cyphos IL 101.

In this article, the application of a polymer film containing the ionic liquid Cyphos IL 101 for the simultaneous recovery of precious and heavy metal ions ((Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Sn(II), Pb(II), Ag(I), Pd(II), and Au(III)) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is described. The experiments were performed for solutions containing metal ions released from computer e-waste due to leaching carried out with concentrated nitric(V) acid and aqua regia. It was found that the applied polymer film allows for the efficient recovery of precious metals (98.

2,6-Bis((benzoyl-R)amino)pyridine (R = H, 4-Me, and 4-NMe) Derivatives for the Removal of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions in Classic Solvent Extraction and a Membrane Extraction.

In this paper, the application of new substituted 2,6-bis((benzoyl-R)amino)pyridine (R = H, 4-Me, and 4-NMe) derivatives for the recovery of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), and zinc(II) ions from aqueous solutions was described. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI HRMS), and tandem mass spectrometry methods (HCD MS/MS). Three different derivatives of 2,6-bis((benzoyl-R)amino)pyridine were used as carriers in membrane processes and as extractants in classic solvent extraction.

,'-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) as an Active Compound for the Recovery of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions.

In this paper, three main methods of metal ion separation, i.e., liquid-liquid extraction, transport across polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), and sorption/desorption, are described.

Electrospray ionization collision induced dissociation of thiocarbocyanine and selenocarbocyanine dyes.

The effect of the properties of sulphur and selenium atoms, the composition and location of substituents (-CH , -OCH , -C H , and -C H -((N Br )C H )), and the charge state on the collision induced dissociation (CID) behaviour of ions generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) of thiocarbocyanine and selenocarbocyanine dyes have been investigated. The results show that, for of all the examined singly charged ions, the main dissociation channel was related to the formation of distonic ions, generated as a result of cleavages within the dimethine bridge. In the case of doubly charged ions (with propyl-pyridinium substituents), competition between fragmentation processes related to charges located at different nitrogen atoms has been observed.

Reduction of sitting time has a positive effect on the decrease of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large part of the human population. One of the major environmental factors associated with the risk of NAFLD is the lack of physical activity.

Aim: To compare the level of physical activity and the insulin resistance in NAFLD patients.

Nutritional Strategies for the Individualized Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Based on the Nutrient-Induced Insulin Output Ratio (NIOR).

Nutrients play a fundamental role as regulators of the activity of enzymes involved in liver metabolism. In the general population, the action of nutrients may be affected by gene polymorphisms. Therefore, individualization of a diet for individuals with fatty liver seems to be a fundamental step in nutritional strategies.

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Novel Donor-Acceptor N-(Pyridin-2-yl)-Substituted Benzo(thio)amides and Their Difluoroboranyl Derivatives.

The unprecedented N-pyridin-2-yl substituted benzo(thio)amides were prepared and subsequently converted into the cyclic difluoroboranyl (BF2) derivatives. Mass spectrometry, multinuclear NMR, IR, and elemental analysis confirmed the structure of these compounds. UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as first-principle calculations were used to study their properties.

Metabolic risk factors of coronary heart disease in relation to anthropometric measures in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients following dietary intervention.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is connected with high risk of metabolic disorders, such as: metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and independently, coronary heart disease (CHD).

Materials And Methods: A group of 108 Caucasian individuals (39 women and 69 men) aged 20–77 years with NAFLD were prospectively enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of NAFLD was con- 􀏐irmed during the 􀏐irst appointment using ultrasonography.

Conformational equilibrium in supramolecular chemistry: Dibutyltriuret case.

The association of substituted benzoates and naphthyridine dianions was used to study the complexation of dibutyltriuret. The title molecule is the simplest molecule able to form two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The naphthyridine salt was used to break two intramolecular hydrogen bonds at a time while with the use of substituted benzoates the systematic approach to study association was achieved.

Metabolites of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease--A pilot study.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions related to fat infiltration. The role of liver triacylglycerol accumulation in NAFLD is not fully understood.

Methods: Twenty-four patients, 12 in the first and 12 in the second stage of NAFLD, were prospectively enrolled in this study.

Fatty acid changes help to better understand regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim: To investigate whether liver steatosis reduction due to a six-month dietary intervention results in significant changes in the concentrations of fatty acids.

Methods: A group of 35 Caucasian individuals diagnosed with different levels of steatosis were prospectively enrolled in the present study. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles was performed according to changes in liver steatosis (liver steatosis reduction by one or two degrees) after a six-month dietary intervention.

Electron capture dissociation and collision induced dissociation of S-dipalmitoylated peptides.

Here we investigate the effect of S-dipalmitoylation on the electron capture dissociation (ECD) behavior of peptides. The ECD and collision induced dissociation (CID) of peptides modified by covalent attachment of [(RS)-2,3-di(palmitoyloxy)-propyl] (PAM2) group to cysteine residues [C(PAM2)LEYDTGFK and RPPGC(PAM2)SPFK] were examined. The results suggest that ECD of S-dipalmitoylated peptides can provide both primary sequence information and structural information regarding the modification.

Mechanical ventilation in ICUs in Poland: a multi-center point-prevalence study.

Background: Mechanical ventilation is the primary method of supporting organ function in patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs). Lung damage from mechanical ventilation can be avoided by using the correct ventilation modes. This study was designed to assess the epidemiology and treatment strategies of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICUs in Poland.

[Iatrogenic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm as a complication of myryngotomy in 6-years-old boy].

The aberrant internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. Misdiagnosed may result in life threatening complications during middle ear surgery. Authors present a case of a 6-year old boy in whom ventilation tube insertion was complicated by ICA pseudo-aneurysm formation.

Electron induced dissociation (EID) tandem mass spectrometry of octaethylporphyrin and its iron(III) complex.

EID tandem mass spectrometry of singly-charged electrosprayed ions of octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and its iron(III) complex results in ionisation to give doubly-charged precursor and fragment ions. Singly-charged fragments are also observed. EID fragmentation differs significantly to that observed in electron ionisation mass spectrometry.

Electron induced dissociation: a mass spectrometry technique for the structural analysis of trinuclear oxo-centred carboxylate-bridged iron complexes.

We report electron induced dissociation (EID) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry of the singly-charged cations [Fe(3)O(CH(3)COO)(6)](+) and [Fe(3)O(HCOO)(6)+H(2)O](+). Trinuclear oxo-centered carboxylate-bridged iron complexes of this type are of interest due to their electronic and magnetic properties, and because of their role as synthetic precursors of single molecule magnets. EID of these complexes is particularly efficient and provides detailed information about the triangular core, and the nature and number of ligands.

Electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry of metallo-supramolecular complexes.

The electron capture dissociation (ECD) of metallo-supramolecular dinuclear triple-stranded helicate Fe(2)L(3)(4+) ions was determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Initial electron capture by the di-iron(II) triple helicate ions produces dinuclear double-stranded complexes analogous to those seen in solution with the monocationic metal centers Cu(I) or Ag(I). The gas-phase fragmentation behavior [ECD, collision-induced dissociation (CID), and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD)] of the di-iron double-stranded complexes, (i.

Characterization of polyphosphoesters by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

FT-ICR mass spectrometry, together with collision-induced dissociation and electron capture dissociation, has been used to characterize the polyphosphoester poly[1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate-alt-ethyloxyphosphate] and its degradation products. Three degradation pathways were elucidated: hydrolysis of the phosphate-[1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate] bonds; hydrolysis of the phosphate-ethoxy bonds; and hydrolysis of the ethyl-terephthalate bonds. The dominant degradation reactions were those that involved the phosphate groups.