-Coumaric acid, Kaempferol, Astragalin and Tiliroside Influence the Expression of Glycoforms in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells.

Abnormal glycosylation of cancer cells is considered a key factor of carcinogenesis related to growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells. Many plant-based polyphenolic compounds reveal potential anti-cancer properties effecting cellular signaling systems. Herein, we assessed the effects of phenolic acid, -coumaric acid and flavonoids such as kaempferol, astragalin or tiliroside on expression of selected cancer-related glycoforms and enzymes involved in their formation in AGS gastric cancer cells.

Healthy Food Pyramid as Well as Physical and Mental Activity in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.

The ageing of the population is resulting in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are an increasing social, economic and medical problem. Diet and physical activity are now considered as important modifiable factors that help prevent or delay the development of AD and other dementia-related diseases. The pyramid of healthy nutrition and lifestyle is a way of presenting the principles, the implementation of which gives a chance for proper development and a long healthy life.

Potential Role of L-Carnitine in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

L-carnitine plays an important role in the functioning of the central nervous system, and especially in the mitochondrial metabolism of fatty acids. Altered carnitine metabolism, abnormal fatty acid metabolism in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been documented. ASD is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that is usually diagnosed in early childhood.

Luteolin alters MUC1 extracellular domain, sT antigen, ADAM-17, IL-8, IL-10 and NF-κB expression in -infected gastric cancer CRL-1739 cells: A preliminary study.

Luteolin is a natural flavonoid possessing certain beneficial pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. The majority of types of gastric cancer with chronic gastritis are caused by infection with (). The present study evaluated the effect of luteolin on a number of selected factors that are potentially involved in gastric cancer development.

Preventive Role of L-Carnitine and Balanced Diet in Alzheimer's Disease.

The prevention or alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a challenge for contemporary health services. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the prevention or alleviation of AD by introducing an appropriate carnitine-rich diet, dietary carnitine supplements and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, which contains elements of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. L-carnitine (LC) plays a crucial role in the energetic metabolism of the cell.

Lotus tetragonolobus, Ulex europaeus, Maackia amurensis, and Arachis hypogaea (peanut) lectins influence the binding of Helicobacter pylori to gastric carbohydrates.

Background: The carbohydrates of gastric mucins and other sugar structures are involved in interactions with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) adhesins. The binding of bacteria to mucins can protect the epithelium from direct contact with the pathogen and from developing infection because of a specific barrier created by the mucus.

Lotus tetragonolobus and Maackia amurensis lectins influence phospho-IκBα, IL-8, Lewis b and H type 1 glycoforms levels in H. pylori infected CRL-1739 gastric cancer cells.

Purpose: Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to the mucous epithelial cells and the mucous layer is said to be a crucial step for infection development. Sugar antigens of gastric mucins (MUC5AC, MUC1) can act as receptors for bacterial adhesins. The aim of the study was to investigate if Lotus tetragonolobus and Maackia amurensis lectins influence the level of MUC1, MUC5AC, Lewis b, H type 1, sialyl Lewis x, phospho-IκBα and interleukin 8 in Helicobacter pylori infected gastric cancer cells.

Reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased sialylation level in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Cancer cells are characterized by an aberrant increase in protein N-glycosylation and by disruption of E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions. However, the relationship between alterations in N-glycosylation process and loss of E-cadherin adhesion in cancer remains unclear. The mechanisms of altered expression of adhesive glycoproteins in cancer cells have not been fully elucidated.

Low glucose dependent decrease of apoptosis and induction of autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Cancer cells have developed a number of adaptation mechanisms involving the signal activation of the transduction pathways, which promotes the progression and metastasis. Our results showed that the percentage of apoptotic MCF-7 cells incubated in the low glucose medium for 48 h was lower in comparison to those cultured in the high glucose medium, despite the high expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor-CHOP. Furthermore, the MCF-7 cells incubated in the low glucose medium for 48 h showed a higher expression of NF-κB p100/p52 subunits compared to cells incubated in the high glucose medium.

Increased expression of MUC1 and sialyl Lewis antigens in different areas of clear renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Changes in expression patterns of the sialyl Lewis antigens and MUC1 mucin can be considered as markers for the diagnosis of various cancers. However, there are no reports which have been devoted to analysis of differences in the sialyl Lewis antigens and MUC1 expression patterns as potential discrimination markers among different areas of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The aim of this study was to determine the level of MUC1 and specific Lewis antigens on glycoproteins in three different areas: tumor (cancer tissue), intermediate zone (adjacent to tumor tissue) and normal renal cortex/medulla (uninvolved by tumor).

Hypoxia enhances the senescence effect of bortezomib--the proteasome inhibitor--on human skin fibroblasts.

The 26S proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, selectively induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the nature of its selectivity remains unknown. The study presented here provides novel information on cellular effects of bortezomib in normal fibroblasts.

Efficient induction of apoptosis by proteasome inhibitor: bortezomib in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

The cellular and molecular effects of the proteasome inhibitor-bortezomib-on breast cancer cells are as yet poorly characterised. Bortezomib selectively induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the nature of its selectivity remains unknown.

Are Lewis b and H type 1 on Helicobacter pylori involved in binding of bacteria to MUC1 mucin?

Background: Helicobacter pylori is responsible for gastroduodenal diseases such as chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and also gastric malignances. During an infection, gastric mucins, especially secretory MUC5AC, are said to participate in interactions with bacterial adhesins. Recently, epithelial MUC1 mucin has also been proposed to be engaged in infection development.

Changes of the expression of Lewis blood group antigens in glycoproteins of renal cancer tissues.

Sialic acid and sialyl Lewisa/x are found on N- and O-glycans of many human malignant cells. Carbohydrate antigens can be used as tumor markers, and an increase of their levels in cancer cells is associated with tumor progression. The aim of this study was to assess the level of some Lewis blood group antigens on glycoproteins in tumor (cancer tissue), intermediate zone (adjacent to tumor tissue), and normal renal cortex/medulla (uninvolved by tumor).

Glycosylation of proteins in healthy and pathological human renal tissues.

Cancer development is associated with the improper glycosylation of proteins. There are alterations in the synthesis and expression of sugar structures. These changes can be important not only in the early stages of tumour development, but also in the next stages connected with cancer invasiveness and its ability to form metastases.

Possible role of α-mannosidase and β-galactosidase in larynx cancer.

Background: Lysosomal exoglycosidases, such as α-mannosidases (MAN) and β-galactosidases (GAL), are found in different glycoside hydrolase sequence-based families. Considerable research has proved plays the role of MAN, which play a key role in the modification and diversification of hybrid N-glycans, processes with strong cellular links to cancer. Therefore the study aim was to investigate the activities of MAN and GAL in larynx cancer compared to controls.

Glycosylation of proteins in healthy and neoplastic human salivary glands - a preliminary study.

Background: In cancer tissue, altered glycosylation of proteins is observed. There are some typical changes; for example, sialyl-Lewis(a/x) glycoforms are more abundant in many types of cancers. The current study investigated the differences in glycosylation of proteins between neoplastic and healthy human salivary glands.

Assessment of interactions between mucins of gastric juice and Helicobacter pylori--preliminary study.

Background/aims: Helicobacter pylori resides primarily in the gastric mucus layer composed of carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins, mucins. Carbohydrates of the secretory MUC 5AC mucin are one of the proved receptors for H. pylori adhesins.

[Possible involvement of hexosaminidase in vocal polyps--preliminary report].

Unlabelled: Vocal fold polyp is usually a result of the injury of the vocal cords. It often appears after vocal overuse or misuse causing trauma in vocal fold mid-membranous and wound formation. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to assess the activity of hexosaminidase in vocal fold polyps in the comparison to the control tissue.

N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B in blood serum and urine, as a potential colon cancer markers.

Background/aims: Evaluation of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (HEX), and its isoenzymes A (HEX A) and B (HEX B) activity in blood serum and urine as potential markers of colorectal cancer.

Methodology: The study was performed in blood serum and urine of 32 patients with adenocarcinoma, 6 with adenocarcinoma mucinosum of the colon, and 20 healthy people. The activity of HEX, HEX A and HEX B was determined in blood serum and urine by spectrophotometric method of Marciniak et al.

The activity of lysosomal exoglycosidases in serum of alcohol-dependent men supplemented with borage oil enriched with vitamin E.

The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the lysosomal exoglycosidases: alpha-mannosidase (MAN), alpha-fucosidase (FUC), and beta-glucuronidase (GLUCUR) in serum of alcohol-dependent men supplemented and not supplemented with borage oil enriched with vitamin E. Serum was collected from eight social drinkers and 16 alcohol-dependent men after a drinking period. The activity of exoglycosidases and the concentration of protein in serum were determined.

Decomposition of alpha-Tocopheryl Glycosides in Rat Tissues.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our investigation was to estimate the stability of alpha-tocopheryl O-glycosides in relation to activity of exoglycosidases in selected rat tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Acetylated glycosides were obtained in glucosidation of alpha-tocopherol using the Helferich method. The activity of exoglycosidases was determined by the Zwierz et al.

Effect of smoking on activity of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase in serum and urine of renal cancer patients.

Objectives: To compare N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase (HEX) activity in the serum and urine of smokers as well as non-smokers with renal cancer, and healthy people.

Design And Methods: To assess hexosaminidase activity the level of p-nitrophenol released from p-nitrophenol derivatives was measured.

Results: The activity of enzyme was significantly higher in cancer group, with the highest activity in non-smokers.

Colon cancer releases alpha-tocopherol from its O-glycosides better than normal colon tissue.

Background/aims: Free radicals, in a colon, may damage DNA, make difficult DNA repair and change course of post-translational modifications of regulatory proteins, which promote tumor initiation and progression. Therefore risk of colon cancer is closely related to diet and other lifestyle factors. Dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin E, should reduce the levels of harmful oxidation products.