[Methods of Measuring Limb Malrotation Following Femoral Osteosynthesis].

Significant malrotation of the femur after osteosynthesis is a serious complication of treatment and has a number of consequences for the patients and causes deterioration of their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to be familiar with intraoperative techniques to control the correct rotation, mostly clinical and radiological, which give us the possibility to minimize rotational errors. In the postoperative period, with even a slight suspicion of malrotation, it is necessary to proceed to its exact verification and, in indicated cases, to perform necessary correction.

Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Is Not Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly.

The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by sex hormones-estrogens and androgens in particular. However, the impact of prenatal sex hormone exposure is less clear; very few investigations have examined the relationship between the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D), a putative proxy for the ratio of prenatal estrogens to androgens, and AD, with inconsistent results among the few that have. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship using methodologically robust metrics.

Reconceptualization of the Erlangen Score for the Assessment of Dementia Risk: The ERlangen Score.

Background: The established Erlangen Score (ES) for the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) uses markers of amyloidopathy and tauopathy, equally weighted to form an easy-interpretable ordinal scale. However, these biomarkers are not equally predictive for AD.

Objective: The higher weighting of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, as a reconceptualized ERlangen Score (ERS), was tested for advantages in diagnostic performance.

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Integrating cerebrospinal fluid-biomarkers into diagnostic workup of patients with sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy may support early and correct identification. We aimed to identify and validate clinical- and cerebrospinal fluid-biomarkers for diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. This observational cohort study screened 2795 consecutive patients admitted for cognitive complaints to the academic departments of neurology and psychiatry over a 10-year period (2009-2018).

[Pathological Lesions and Fractures of the Proximal Femur].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of primary malignancies metastasizing to the area of the proximal femur, to evaluate the localization of the lesions and fractures, to compare the results of the selected surgical therapy, survival time of the patients and postoperative complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the group of patients operated on from 2012 to 2021. The study included 45 patients (24 women and 21 men) with a pathological lesion or a pathological fracture in the area of the proximal femur.

Amyloid-β levels and cognitive trajectories in non-demented pTau181-positive subjects without amyloidopathy.

Phosphorylated Tau181 (pTau181) in CSF and recently in plasma has been associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the absence of amyloidopathy, individuals with increased total Tau levels and/or temporal lobe atrophy experience no or only mild cognitive decline compared with biomarker-negative controls, leading to the proposal to categorize this constellation as suspected non-Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology (SNAP). We investigated whether the characteristics of SNAP also applied to individuals with increased CSF-pTau181 without amyloidopathy.

Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Contains Increased Percentages of Synaptophysin-Bearing Microvesicles.

Introduction: In Alzheimer's disease, the severity of symptoms is linked to a loss of synaptic density and the spread of pathologically hyperphosphorylated tau. The established cerebrospinal fluid markers Aβ, tau and phospho-tau reflect the histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease but do not indicate disease progression. Such markers are of special interest, especially for trials of disease modifying drugs.

CT analysis of femoral malrotation after intramedullary nailing of trochanteric fractures.

Purpose: Functional results after internal fixation of trochanteric femoral fractures may be negatively affected by healing in a non-physiological position. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of femoral malrotation after nailing of trochanteric fractures.

Materials And Methods: The authors conducted a prospective study focused on a CT analysis of malrotation after intramedullary nailing of trochanteric fractures (AO 31A1-3) in 101 patients.

The Role of Cathepsin B in the Degradation of Aβ and in the Production of Aβ Peptides Starting With Ala2 in Cultured Astrocytes.

Astrocytes may not only be involved in the clearance of Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but appear to produce N-terminally truncated Aβ (Aβ) independently of BACE1, which generates the N-Terminus of Aβ starting with Asp1 (Aβ). A candidate protease for the generation of Aβ is cathepsin B (CatB), especially since CatB has also been reported to degrade Aβ, which could explain the opposite roles of astrocytes in AD. In this study, we investigated the influence of CatB inhibitors and the deletion of the gene encoding CatB (CTSB) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology on Aβ and Aβ levels in cell culture supernatants by one- and two-dimensional Urea-SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblot.

Pharmacological Inhibition of Amyloidogenic APP Processing and Knock-Down of APP in Primary Human Macrophages Impairs the Secretion of Cytokines.

It has been previously shown that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) support the innate immune defense as an immune receptor. Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides seem to have properties of an antimicrobial peptide and can act as opsonines. In APP-deficient mouse models, a reduced secretion of cytokines has been observed.

Kidney-transplant patients receiving living- or dead-donor organs have similar psychological outcomes (findings from the study).

Purpose: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is well known to improve the clinical outcome of patients. However, the impact of KT on comorbid psychological symptoms, particularly depression and anxiety, is less clear, and recipients of living-donor (LD) organs may have a different psychological outcome from recipients of dead-donor (DD) organs.

Design/methodology/approach: In total, 152 patients were included and analyzed using a cross-sectional design.

DSC Brain Perfusion Using Advanced Deconvolution Models in the Diagnostic Work-up of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Semiquantitative Comparison with HMPAO-SPECT-Brain Perfusion.

Background: SPECT (single-photon emission-computed tomography) is used for the detection of hypoperfusion in cognitive impairment and dementia but is not widely available and related to radiation dose exposure. We compared the performance of DSC (dynamic susceptibility contrast) perfusion using semi- and fully adaptive deconvolution models to HMPAO-SPECT (99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-SPECT).

Material And Methods: Twenty-seven patients with dementia of different subtypes including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) received a multimodal diagnostic work-up including DSC perfusion at a clinical 3T high-field scanner and HMPAO-SPECT.

Microvesicles from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease display reduced concentrations of tau and APP protein.

Microvesicles are small membranous particles generated during cellular activation or stress. The analysis of the content and the surface of microvesicles allow conclusions about the cells they are originating from and the underlying pathology. Therefore, CSF microvesicles have been suggested to be promising targets to monitor the (etio)pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Analysis of Surface Levels of IL-1 Receptors and Macrophage Scavenger Receptor I in Peripheral Immune Cells of Patients With Alzheimer Disease.

Increased concentrations of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) reduced phagocytic capacity point to an inflammatory activation of mononuclear phagocytes in AD. Interleukin 1 receptors (IL-1R) and the macrophage scavenger receptor I (MSRI) are important players in IL-1 signaling and phagocytosis. In 20 patients with AD and 17 controls, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, and MSRI were assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry.

Serum neurofilament light chain in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.

Objective: To determine the association of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) with functional deterioration and brain atrophy during follow-up of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

Methods: Blood NfL levels from 74 patients with bvFTD, 26 with Alzheimer disease (AD), 17 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 healthy controls (Con) at baseline and follow-up were determined and analyzed for the diagnostic potential in relation to functional assessment (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes [CDR-SOB], frontotemporal lobar degeneration-related CDR-SOB, Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) and brain volumetry.

Results: At baseline, serum NfL level correlated with CSF NfL (bvFTD = 0.

Plasma neurofilament light as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that the plasma concentration of the neurofilament light chain (NfL) might be considered a plasma biomarker for the screening of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: With a single molecule array method (Simoa, Quanterix), plasma NfL concentrations were measured in 99 subjects with AD at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI-AD; n = 25) or at the stage of early dementia (ADD; n = 33), and in nondemented controls (n = 41); in all patients, the clinical diagnoses were in accordance with the results of the four core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid β (Aβ)1-42, Aβ42/40, Tau, and pTau181), interpreted according to the Erlangen Score algorithm. The influence of preanalytical storage procedures on the NfL in plasma was tested on samples exposed to six different conditions.

Imbalance of Circulating T17 and Regulatory T Cells in Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Control Study.

The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e., neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, consist of beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau.

A Specific Reduction in Aβ vs. a Universal Loss of Aβ Peptides in CSF Differentiates Alzheimer's Disease From Meningitis and Multiple Sclerosis.

A reduced concentration of Aβ in CSF is one of the established biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Reduced CSF concentrations of Aβ have also been shown in multiple sclerosis, viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis. As neuroinflammation is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, an infectious origin of the disease has been proposed.

Low amounts of bisecting glycans characterize cerebrospinal fluid-borne IgG.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) harbors a conserved N-glycosylation site which is important for its effector functions. Changes in glycosylation of IgG occur in many autoimmune diseases but also in physiological conditions. Therefore, the glycosylation pattern of serum IgG is well characterized.

CD133-Positive Membrane Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Inflammatory and Degenerative Neurological Diseases.

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a frequently used diagnostic tool in a variety of neurological diseases. Recent studies suggested that investigating membrane particles enriched with the stem cell marker CD133 may offer new avenues for studying neurological disease. In this study, we evaluated the amount of membrane particle-associated CD133 in human CSF in neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases.

Non-Phosphorylated Tau as a Potential Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease: Analytical and Diagnostic Characterization.

Background: Virtually nothing is known about a potential diagnostic role of non-phospho-epitopes of Tau (Non-P-Tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Objective: To establish and analytically and clinically characterize the first assay capable to measure concentrations of Non-P-Tau in human CSF.

Methods: An antibody (1G2) was developed that selectively binds to the Tau molecule non-phosphorylated at the positions T175 and T181, and was used in establishing a sandwich ELISA capable to measure Non-P-Tau in human CSF, following analytical and clinical validation of the method.

Amyloidogenic amyloid-β-peptide variants induce microbial agglutination and exert antimicrobial activity.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the main components of the plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, Aβ peptides are also detectable in secretory compartments and peripheral blood contains a complex mixture of more than 40 different modified and/or N- and C-terminally truncated Aβ peptides. Recently, anti-infective properties of Aβ peptides have been reported.

Employment Maintenance and Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in the United States. Negative outcomes of IPV affect women's attainment and maintenance of employment. The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical framework that described and explained the process by which women who have experienced IPV attain and maintain employment.