Mast Cells and Blood Vessels Profile in Oral Carcinogenesis: An Immunohistochemistry Study.

Background: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate angiogenesis and mast cell density in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: This was an observational, retrospective and quantitative study. The samples consisted of 60 tissue specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, epithelial dysplasia and controls (n=20/group).

Spatial Language and the Embedded Listener Model in Parents' Input to Children.

Language is a collaborative act: To communicate successfully, speakers must generate utterances that are not only semantically valid but also sensitive to the knowledge state of the listener. Such sensitivity could reflect the use of an "embedded listener model," where speakers choose utterances on the basis of an internal model of the listener's conceptual and linguistic knowledge. In this study, we ask whether parents' spatial descriptions incorporate an embedded listener model that reflects their children's understanding of spatial relations and spatial terms.