Publications by authors named "Malekzadeh R"

Evidence on the associations of body size and occupational physical activity (PA) during the life course with gastrointestinal cancers is inconclusive. We analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from Iran, with 50,045 individuals aged 40-75 years enrolled during 2004-2008 and followed through April 2023. Body size during adolescence, early adulthood, and at cohort baseline was assessed using validated pictograms.

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  • The study aimed to evaluate the impact of DASH and Mediterranean diet scores on the WHO's model for predicting 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality using data from the Golestan Cohort Study, which included over 44,000 participants.
  • Results showed that these diet scores were not significant predictors of CVD mortality for either gender, although certain dietary components like sodium and total vegetable intake were.
  • Ultimately, incorporating these diet scores did not enhance the predictive accuracy of the WHO model for estimating 10-year CVD mortality.
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Background: The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has significantly risen over the past decade. Dietary intake strongly influences its development and should be a component of any prevention and treatment plan strategy. Dietary pattern analysis enables the investigation of the overall diet and permits the consideration of interactions and cumulative effects of dietary components.

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Background And Aim: We aimed to develop a dietary score using prediction model method for evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and suggesting a simple and practical scoring system within the healthcare context.

Method And Results: A total of 43878 adult participants (aged 37-80 years) from the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) were included in analysis. A random split of the subjects into the derivation (n = 28930) and the validation sets (n = 14948) was done.

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The relationship between oral and gastric yeasts and their role in the colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach was studied. Four groups of 221, 7, 44, and 10 patients were used for the isolation of H. pylori and oral and gastric yeasts.

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  • A study assessed the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among Iranian adults aged 40-75 using data from the Pars Cohort Study.
  • The results indicated that 6.9% of participants had NASH, with male gender, younger age, and various health and socioeconomic factors linked to a higher risk.
  • Key risk factors included histories of heart disease and diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and being in wealthier socioeconomic groups.
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Background: Less is known whether the amino acid composition of dietary protein sources effects on long-term health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary amino acid composition and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study used data from the Golestan Cohort Study, which was performed in the Golestan Province of Iran from January 2004 to June 2008.

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Background: The relationship between kidney and vascular health is acknowledged, but detailed information is still missing. This study examines the relationship of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and carotid intima media thickness, providing insights into the association between atherosclerosis and kidney function.

Methods: Participants older than 50 years of age who were part of the PolyIran-L study, a trial nested in the Golestan Cohort Study, were included.

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Background: While cardiovascular disease (CVD) polypills have demonstrated significant benefits in preventing CVD events by managing CVD risk factors and improving patient adherence, their effects on blood glucose levels, an important risk factor for CVD, remain unknown.

Methods: We analyzed data from the PolyIran-Liver trial, which involved 1,508 participants aged 50 and above. Of these, 787 were randomly assigned to receive a polypill (consisting of aspirin, atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and valsartan), while 721 received usual care as the control group over a five-year period.

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The present study sought to examine the association between depression and anxiety with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among clinical and non-clinical medical students. This study was conducted on newly entrance students (2019 and 2020) in Neyshabur University of Medical Science (NUMS). 471 students participated in this cross-sectional study.

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  • * Researchers found that the average age girls start their periods is about 14 years, but it has been getting younger over the past 100 years.
  • * Different countries showed different trends, with some like China having ups and downs, while others like Japan and Singapore had a steady decline in the average age.
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  • Premature mortality, defined as death before age 70, is a significant health concern in North Africa and the Middle East, with key causes including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and road injuries.
  • The Pars Cohort Study in Iran, involving over 9,200 participants aged 40-75, analyzed risk factors and causes of premature death over a nine-year period through various data collection methods.
  • The findings revealed that 54% of deaths were premature, mainly due to ischemic heart disease, with several predictive factors for premature mortality identified, including age, tobacco use, and socioeconomic status, while factors like female sex and higher education showed protective effects.
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Background And Objective: Two decades ago, an international initiative (GEMINI) was launched in a high-risk, low-resource region in Northeast Iran, aiming to investigate incidence, etiology, early detection, and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). An earlier report from this area, highlighted poor ESCC survival rates, with a 5-year survival probability of 3.3% and the median survival time of 7 months.

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Background: There are inconsistencies in the results of the studies investigating the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lymphoma.

Aims: The aim of this study is to systematically appraise the risk of lymphoma development in patients with IBD.

Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed and Scopus from inception to 30 April 2024 to identify population-based cohort studies that evaluated the risk of lymphoma in patients with IBD in comparison with those without IBD.

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  • The study, named the Ardabil gastric cancer randomized placebo-controlled prevention trial (AGCPT), aims to assess the effectiveness of long-term low-dose aspirin in preventing gastric cancer development and mortality after H. pylori eradication in a population with high cancer rates.
  • It is a large-scale, double-blind trial involving 21,000 participants aged 35 to 70 in Ardabil, Iran, who undergo H. pylori testing and potential eradication before being randomized into either an aspirin treatment group or a placebo group for a 10-year follow-up.
  • The findings may have significant implications for public health strategies regarding gastric cancer prevention and could influence future research in the area.
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  • The study examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risks of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and dying from it in the Asian population, highlighting rising obesity rates and CRC incidence.
  • The research pooled data from 17 cohort studies spanning from 1984 to 2002, with a median follow-up of 15.2 years and included nearly 620,000 participants for CRC incidence and over 650,000 for CRC-related mortality.
  • Results indicate that higher BMI significantly increases the risk of incident CRC, with greater risks seen for those classified as obese, especially for colon cancer compared to rectal cancer, and a similar pattern was noted for CRC-related deaths.
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Background: Meat consumption could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, evidence is largely based on studies of European and North American populations, with heterogeneous analysis strategies and a greater focus on red meat than on poultry. We aimed to investigate the associations of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with type 2 diabetes using data from worldwide cohorts and harmonised analytical approaches.

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This study aimed to evaluate the superiority of anthropometric indices compared to others for predicting ischemic heart disease (IHD) or cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the Pars Cohort Study data. In total, 9229 Valashahr inhabitants aged 40-75 were included in the analysis.

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Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a rising global public health concern. It has been demonstrated that its prevalence and characteristics vary by region and racial/ethnicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MAFLD and its characteristics among Turkmen and non-Turkmen ethnic groups in a multiethnic population region of Iran.

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Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer has been linked to low B-vitamin status. We conducted matched nested case-control studies of incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC; 340 case-control pairs) and gastric cancer (GC; 352 case-control pairs) within the Golestan Cohort Study. The primary exposure was plasma biomarkers: riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (vitamin B2), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (B6), cobalamin (B12), para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) (folate), and total homocysteine (tHcy); and indicators for deficiency: 3-hydroxykyurenine-ratio (HK-r for vitamin B6) and methylmalonic acid (MMA for B12).

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  • - VOCs, common in air pollution and tobacco smoke, are linked to cardiovascular diseases, but there's limited direct evidence connecting specific VOCs to ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in the overall population.
  • - A study involving 50,045 participants in northeastern Iran measured urinary concentrations of 20 VOC biomarkers related to smoking and found significant correlations between certain VOCs and increased IHD mortality, especially in non-smokers.
  • - The significant associations between VOCs like acrylamide and 1,3-butadiene and IHD mortality suggest that these compounds are independent risk factors for heart disease, irrespective of tobacco use.
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Polypharmacy, defined here as the concomitant use of five or more medications, is a significant health issue, particularly affecting individuals with chronic diseases like hypertension (HTN). To compare individuals with and without HTN in term of polypharmacy, and to investigate correlates of polypharmacy and medication use patterns in individuals with HTN in southwest Iran. This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of 9270 participants of the Pars Cohort Study (PCS) with a mean age of 52.

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Background: Drug data has been used to estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases. Disease registries and annual surveys are lacking, especially in less-developed regions. At the same time, insurance drug data and self-reports of medications are easily accessible and inexpensive.

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  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation in the rectum and colon, with a rising prevalence especially in developed countries and a potential link to colorectal cancer (CRC).
  • The study analyzed data from 91 UC patients who underwent colectomy to identify risk factors for dysplasia, noting that older age was a significant risk factor but found no other strong associations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of age in assessing dysplasia risk for UC patients, suggesting that older patients may need more careful management and screening for CRC; more research is needed to confirm these results.
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