Advanced terahertz refractive index sensor in all-dielectric metasurface utilizing second order toroidal quasi-BIC modes for biochemical environments.

We present a novel design for an all-dielectric metasurface ultra-sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor, characterized by a high-quality factor (Q) and figure of merit (FOM). This design incorporates two high-order toroidal modes, including electric toroidal quadrupole ([Formula: see text]​) and magnetic toroidal quadrupole ([Formula: see text]​) based on quasi‑bound states in the continuum (q-BIC) resonances. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of switching between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]​ through various symmetry-breaking mechanisms.

Refractive index sensor based on fano-magnetic toroidal quadrupole resonance enabled by bound state in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurface.

For the first time, an all-dielectric metasurface ultra-sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor with very high quality factor (QF) and figure of merit (FOM), with Fano-magnetic toroidal quadrupole (MTQ) resonance enabled by bound state in continuum (BIC) in terahertz (THz) region was designed. Furthermore, the MTQ resonance in the THz due to a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in the designed structure was investigated. Also, to achieve the dark mode, a combination of three methods including (i) breaking the symmetry, (ii) design of complex structures, and (iii) changing the incident angle was utilized.

Design of Single-Mode Single-Polarization Large-Mode-Area Multicore Fibers.

In laser science and industry, considerable effort is directed toward designing fibers for fiber laser and fiber amplifier applications, each of which offers a particular advantage over the others. Evanescently coupled multicore fibers, however, have been studied less extensively due to the relatively small mode area in the single-mode regime. Here, by proposing a new structure with stress-applying parts in a 37-core fiber and optimizing this structure through a comprehensive framework, we present 21 solutions characterized by large-mode-area and high beam quality in the single-mode, single-polarization regime.

Influence of Pain on Cognitive Dysfunction and Emotion Dysregulation in Chiari Malformation Type I.

It has been well demonstrated that the cerebellum is associated with cognitive and affective processing as well as the traditionally conceptualized motor function. In the present chapter, we explore the behavioral and neurobiological implications of a common congenital cerebellar condition, Chiari malformation Type I, on cognitive and affective processing. We also emphasize the associations between Chiari-related chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, and emotion dysregulation.

Is Piperacillin-Tazobactam an Appropriate Empirical Agent for Hospital-Acquired Sepsis and Community-Acquired Septic Shock of Unknown Origin in Australia?

Early appropriate empirical antibiotics are critical for reducing mortality in sepsis. For hospital-acquired sepsis of unknown origin in Australia, piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is recommended as an empirical therapy. Anecdotally, some institutions also use TZP for community-acquired septic shock.

Adult Age Differences in Self-Reported Pain and Anterior CSF Space in Chiari Malformation.

Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a neural disorder with sensory, cognitive, and motor defects, as well as headaches. Radiologically, the cerebellar tonsils extend below the foramen magnum. To date, the relationships among adult age, brain morphometry, surgical status, and symptom severity in CMI are unknown.

Impact of Surgical Status, Loneliness, and Disability on Interleukin 6, C-Reactive Protein, Cortisol, and Estrogen in Females with Symptomatic Type I Chiari Malformation.

Chiari malformation type I (CMI) provides an opportunity for examining possible moderators of allostatic load. CMI patients who had (n = 43) and had not (n = 19) undergone decompression surgery completed questionnaires regarding pain, disability, and loneliness, and provided serum samples for IL-6, CRP, estrogen, and free estradiol assays, and saliva samples to assess diurnal cortisol curves. ANOVAs examining surgical status (decompressed versus non-decompressed), loneliness (high vs.

Evidence of Neural Microstructure Abnormalities in Type I Chiari Malformation: Associations Among Fiber Tract Integrity, Pain, and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Background: Previous case-control investigations of type I Chiari malformation (CMI) have reported cognitive deficits and microstructural white matter abnormalities, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). CMI is also typically associated with pain, including occipital headache, but the relationship between pain symptoms and microstructure is not known.

Methods: Eighteen CMI patients and 18 adult age- and education-matched control participants underwent DTI, were tested using digit symbol coding and digit span tasks, and completed a self-report measure of chronic pain.

Improvement of water table interpolation and groundwater storage volume using fuzzy computations.

The water table is an important piece of data for hydrogeological studies, particularly as input data to groundwater simulation models. Since the accuracy of groundwater simulation models significantly depends on input data, this study highlights the application of fuzzy kriging to improve the accuracy of water table interpolation. The results of the fuzzy kriging approach are compared with common methods in water table interpolation like ordinary kriging, inverse distance weighting (IDW), and Thiessen polygon methods to justify the suitability of the fuzzy kriging.

Determinations of Melamine Residue in Infant Formula Brands Available in Iran Market Using by HPLC Method.

The contamination of melamine was evaluated in 69 infants along with follow up formula samples collected from the market for the first time in Iran using HPLC method. Since there are no previous data concerning the contamination level of melamine in all brands of infant formula samples consumed using the HPLC method in Iran, this study is the first investigation in this regard. Our results showed that melamine contamination was found in 65% of samples, where mean and maximum levels of melamine were 0.

Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Grape Juice of Iran.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins that contaminate a broad range of agricultural and food products. In this study, the occurrence of OTA in available brands of grape juice in Iran purchased from retail outlets or producer were determined for the first time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with immunoaffinity columns(IAC) as the clean-up step. The average recoveries for OTA in grape juice ranged from 54.

Chiari 1000 Registry Project: assessment of surgical outcome on self-focused attention, pain, and delayed recall.

Background: Prior research has typically found a negative relationship between chronic pain and memory, and we examined whether cognitive control processes (e.g. reflection and rumination) moderated this relationship in individuals with Chiari malformation Type I (CM).

Design of new potent HTLV-1 protease inhibitors: in silico study.

HTLV-1 and HIV-1 are two major causes for severe T-cell leukemia disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-1 protease, a member of aspartic acid protease family, plays important roles in maturation during virus replication cycle. The impairment of these proteases results in uninfectious HTLV-1virions.

Vitamin E induces regular structure and stability of human insulin, more intense than vitamin D.

Changes in human environment and lifestyle over the last century have caused a dramatic increase in the occurrence of diabetes. Research of past decades illustrated that vitamin D and E have a key role in the improvement of diabetes by reducing oxidative stress, protein glycosylation, insulin resistance and also improving beta cell function. Binding properties and conformational changes of human insulin upon interaction with vitamins D and E (α-tocopherol) were investigated by spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molecular dynamic simulation.

17β-Estradiol Stimulates Generation of Reactive Species Oxygen and Nitric Oxide in Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Cells (OVCAR 3).

Background: Experimental and epidemiological evidence supports a role for steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Among steroid hormones, 17β-estradiol (E2) has the most potent effect on proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis.

Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the effect of E2 on production of ROS and NO in ovarian cancer cells.

Task-specific and general cognitive effects in Chiari malformation type I.

Objective: Our objective was to use episodic memory and executive function tests to determine whether or not Chiari Malformation Type I (CM) patients experience cognitive dysfunction.

Background: CM is a neurological syndrome in which the cerebellum descends into the cervical spine causing neural compression, severe headaches, neck pain, and number of other physical symptoms. While primarily a disorder of the cervico-medullary junction, both clinicians and researchers have suspected deficits in higher-level cognitive function.

The evaluation of the FOXO1, KLF9 and YT521 genes expression in human endometrial cancer.

Background: The current study was designed to explore the changes of the mRNA levels of the YT521, Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) proteins in human normal and cancerous endometrial tissue.

Methods: The study was conducted in 30 premenopausal patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer and 20 premenopausal women with no clinically documented abnormalities of the endometrium undergoing hysterectomy. Gene expression levels were assayed using quantitative real-time PCR.

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Serum fatty acid content mainly reflects dietary fat intake. It is not known whether alterations of serum fatty acid compositions predict type 2 diabetes risk.

Methods: We evaluated fatty acid contents in serum of the 76 normal and 98 diabetic adults taking part in a cross sectional study, using a gas chromatography method.

Distribution of fatty acids in adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: It is not known whether alterations of adipose tissue fatty acid compositions predict type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to characterize the relationship between the adipose tissue fatty acid compositions and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We evaluated the fatty acid compositions of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

The effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on bone morphogenetic protein-7 and beta transforming growth factor gene expressions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat's kidneys.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem in the world and about 20 to 40% of the patients are being affected with diabetic nephropathy. The anti diabetic property of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has been reported.

Subanesthetic ketamine infusion therapy: a retrospective analysis of a novel therapeutic approach to complex regional pain syndrome.

Unlabelled: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a disorder that can be accompanied by severe pain that is often both chronic and resistant to conventional therapy. Harbut and Correll previously reported the successful treatment of a 9-year case of intractable Type I CRPS with an intravenous inpatient infusion of ketamine in an adult female patient.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain if indeed the use of subanesthetic inpatient infusions of ketamine provide meaningful improvements in pain scores, and thus, quality of life, in patients suffering from CRPS.

Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) as a recyclable catalyst for highly efficient acetylation of alcohols and diacetylation of aldehydes under mild and neutral reaction conditions.

A variety of alcohols and aldehydes were reacted with acetic anhydride at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of lithium triflate (LiOTf) to produce the corresponding esters and 1,1-diacetates, respectively, in good to excellent yields under essentially neutral reaction conditions. Sensitive functional groups such as PhCO(2)-, OMe, and OTBDMS ethers survived intact under the described reaction conditions.

Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy).

There are reports that complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy; CRPS-I/RSD) can spread from the initial site of presentation, but there are no detailed descriptions of the pattern(s) of such spread. We describe a retrospective analysis of 27 CRPS-I/RSD patients who experienced a significant spread of pain. Three patterns of spread were identified.