Integration and evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis laboratory diagnosis in the primary health care laboratory network.

Background: The lack of an integrated national system prevents the Islamic Republic of Iran from registering and reporting all cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Aim: To establish a laboratory network for the improvement of diagnosis and surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran using parasitological and molecular methods.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot study examined 49 laboratories in the 2 endemic areas for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The second strategic plan of medical ethics: a national report.

Medical ethics faces several challenges in different aspects of education, research, and treatment in medicine and healthcare practice. Design and implementation of a national strategic plan can pave the way for the development of a roadmap in various countries to strengthen ethics and address these challenges. To create a comprehensive plan compatible with the Iranian healthcare system, a multidisciplinary team of main stakeholders compiled a national strategic plan of medical ethics following several focus group discussion sessions and two workshops (2014-2017).

The design and psychometric evaluation of the Adolescents' Resilience in Disaster Tool (ARDT-Q37): A mixed method study.

Adolescent resilience after a disaster has been shown to be a protective factor against loss, trauma, and psychological distress. Its importance for successful disaster recovery is widely accepted by disaster risk management professionals, yet very few tools are available to assess adolescent resilience during an emergency or after a natural disaster has occurred. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire designed to measure adolescents' resilience before, during or after a natural disaster.

Social Determinants of Health and Home Safety for Under-five Children in a Neighbor's Tehran, Iran.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDH) provide a platform in improving health society such as safety. Safety is essential for children because it is directly related to the health and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current home safety in the capital city of Iran for children below five years by community-based initiative and its association with common SDH variables.

Domains and Indicators of Resilient Children in Natural Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review.

Resilience has received increased attention among both practitioners and scholars in recent years. Child resilience has received notable attention in disaster risk reduction (DRR) during the creation of the Sendai Framework 2015-2030 to improve child protection in the event of disasters. As resilience is a subjective concept with a variety of definitions, this study evaluates its different factors and determinates in the existing research to clarify the path for the near future and objective research.

Effect of the estrus cycle stage on the establishment of murine endometriosis lesions.

Background: Establishment of a standardized animal endometriosis model is necessary for evaluation of new drug effects and for explaining different ethological aspects of this disease. For this purpose, we need a model which has more similarity to human endometriosis.

Objective: Our objective was to establish an autologous endometriosis mouse model based on endogenous estrogen level and analyze the influence of estrus cycle on the maintenance of endometriotic lesions.

Characteristics and components of children's and adolescents' resilience in disasters in Iran: a qualitative study.

Children and adolescents are vulnerable in times of disaster and they will suffer more severely if neglected. The concept of resilience differs between cultures, and identifying the components of resilience is essential for decision making and interventions in disasters such as risk management. This study aimed to identify the components of children's resilience in disasters in Iran.

Involving Mothers in Child Development Assessment in a Community-based Participatory Study Using Ages and Stages Questionnaires.

Background: Child-friendly environment project (MAZDAK) is a community-based project for monitoring the development of children in Iran that was implemented as a pilot study in one of the neighborhoods of Tehran (Eyvanak-e Gharb). This study attempted to engage mothers in monitoring of their children's development and assesses the status of children's development by a community-based participatory approach using the ages and stages questionnaires (ASQ).

Methods: This study was a community-based participatory research.

Human spiruridiasis due to Physaloptera spp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) in a grave of the Shahr-e Sukhteh archeological site of the Bronze Age (2800-2500 BC) in Iran.

Evidence of rare human helminthiasis in paleoparasitological records is scarce. we report here the finding of Physaloptera spp. eggs in a soil sample collected in the pelvic and sacrum bones area of a skeleton excavated from a grave of Shahr-e Sukhteh archeological site dating back to the Bronze Age.

Dietary and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Serum Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Pregnant Women in Tehran.

To determine the levels of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in serum of primiparous women at the third trimester of pregnancy and identify the main determinants of POPs levels such as socio-demographic, lifestyle, and diet in Tehran. One- hundred eighty five serum samples from two simultaneous case-control studies were collected from September 2013 until August 2015.Ten most abundant PCB congeners (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) congeners 28, 52, 74, 99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180 and 187) as well as eight PBDE congeners (IUPAC congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209)were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).

Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and risk of pre-eclampsia: a case-control study.

Background: There is increasing evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to pre-eclampsia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as POPs with pre-eclampsia.

Methods: This case-control study was performed in the three general university hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and gestational diabetes mellitus in primiparous women.

Background: There is growing evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may play an important role in increasing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 10 congeners) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, 8 congeners) and GDM in primiparous women with no family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: This case-control study was performed among the three university hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Is the status of diabetes socioeconomic inequality changing in Kurdistan province, west of Iran? A comparison of two surveys.

Background: About 80% of deaths in 350 million cases of diabetes in the world occur in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to determine the status of diabetes socioeconomic inequality and the share of determinants of inequalities in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran, using two surveys in 2005 and 2009.

Methods: Data were collected from non-communicable disease surveillance surveys in Kurdistan in 2005 and 2009.

Association between electromagnetic field exposure and abortion in pregnant women living in Tehran.

Background: Health-related quality of life is affected by electromagnetic field exposure in each person everyday life. However, this is extremely controversial issue.

Objective: Investigation of the associations between electromagnetic field exposure and miscarriage among women of Tehran.

Health Impact Assessment of Urban Development Project.

Background: Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged to identify those activities and policies likely to have major impacts on the health of a population.

Method: In this research, qualitative method was applied to identifying health determinants that urban man made lake affect on them, formatting and weighing the hierarchy of the factors, calculating AHP, and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method for decide and ranking alternatives.

Results: According to the results of the study, from the structural determinants point of view, the most positive effect of man-made lake was on Recreational services by 89.

Developing a household survey tool for health equity: A practical guide in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: An obvious gradient in health outcomes has been implicated in many evidences relating to social and economic factors. Proper data are requested to convince policy-makers calling for intersectoral action for health. Recently, I.

Surveying the Knowledge and Practices of Health Professionals in China, India, Iran, and Mexico on Treating Tuberculosis.

Research evidence continues to reveal findings important for health professionals' clinical practices, yet it is not consistently disseminated to those who can use it. The resulting deficits in knowledge and service provision may be especially pronounced in low- and middle-income countries that have greater resource constraints. Tuberculosis treatment is an important area for assessing professionals' knowledge and practices because of the effectiveness of existing treatments and recognized gaps in professionals' knowledge about treatment.

A youth-led reproductive health program in a university setting.

Background: Reproductive health problems affect youths in all countries. There is an urgent need to enhance youths reproductive health services to provide a healthy life for this group. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the Reproductive Health Peer Education Program based on the opinion of university students.

Estimating the Annual Incidence of Abortions in Iran Applying a Network Scale-up Approach.

Background: Abortions are of major public health concern in developing countries. In settings in which abortion is highly prohibited, the direct interview is not a reliable method to estimate the abortion rate. The indirect estimation methods to measure the rate of abortion might overcome this dilemma; They are practical methods to estimate the size of the hidden group who do not agree to participate in a direct interview.

High HIV prevalence in a respondent-driven sampling survey of injection drug users in Tehran, Iran.

Iran is facing unprecedented dual drug use and HIV epidemics. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to obtain HIV prevalence and risk behavior data from injection drug users (IDU) in Tehran. We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit IDU through successive waves starting with 24 "seeds," conducted anonymous face-to-face interviews and HIV testing and counseling, and used RDSAT to adjust data.

Response-oriented measuring inequalities in Tehran: second round of UrbanHealth Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2), concepts and framework.

Background: Current evidence consistently confirm inequalities in health status among socioeconomic none, gender,ethnicity, geographical area and other social determinants of health (SDH), which adversely influence health ofthe population. SDH refer to a wide range of factors not limited to social component, but also involve economic, cultural,educational, political or environmental problems. Measuring inequalities, improving daily living conditions, andtackling inequitable distribution of resources are highly recommended by international SDH commissioners in recentyears to 'close the gaps within a generation'.

Pasteur Institute of Iran--an evaluation model.

Background: Pasteur Institute of Iran was established in 1919 with the aim to produce vaccines and prevent communicable diseases in Iran. Over time, their activities extended into areas of research, education and services. Naturally, such a vast development begs establishment of a comprehensive management and monitoring system.

Project monitoring and evaluation: an enhancing method for health research system management.

Background: Planning, organizing, staffing, leading and monitoring are the basic functional component of management. In present article, we aim to define the project monitoring and evaluation in health research system (HRS) considering its success and challenges based on our national experience.

Methods: IN THIS STUDY BASED ON THE INFORMATION OF ANNUAL MEDICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITIES EVALUATION DURING THE LAST DECADE THE HRS INDICATORS HAVE BEEN SCORED IN THREE AXES BASED ON HRS FUNCTIONS: Stewardship, capacity building and knowledge production.

Development and evaluation of a nutritional health program for adolescents.

Background: Unhealthy nutritional behaviors are a threat to adolescents. In this regard, we compared different training methods through a participatory interventional study.

Materials And Methods: Through proportional random selection, 1823 female students were selected from 15 middle schools of Tehran.