Syntheses of Minutuminolate and Related Coumarin Natural Products and Evaluation of Their TNF-α Inhibitory Activities.

The concise syntheses of the coumarin natural product, minutuminolate (), and its related natural products, 7-methoxy-8-(2-acetoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobut-2-enyl) coumarin () and muralatin I (), were accomplished for the first time in 4-5 steps from the commercially available umbelliferone. The key step involves a palladium-catalyzed oxidative rearrangement reaction to assemble the α-acyloxyenone moiety in and . The incorporation of this functionality enables the successful synthesis of coumarin through an acidic hydrolysis reaction.

Promoting GAINs (Give Attention to Limitations in Assays) over PAINs Alerts: no PAINS, more GAINs.

Many concepts and guidelines in medicinal chemistry have been introduced to aid in successful drug discovery and development. An example is the concept of Pan-Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) and the elimination of such nuisance compounds from high-throughput screening (HTS) libraries. PAINs, along with other guidelines in medicinal chemistry, are like double-edged swords.