Reporting of Adverse Events in Muscle Strengthening Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: Clear definition, identification, and reporting of adverse event (AE) monitoring during training interventions are essential for decision making regarding the safety of training and testing in youths.

Purpose: To document the extent to which AEs, resulting from intervention studies targeting muscle strengthening training (MST) in youth, are reported by researchers.

Methods: Electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched for English peer-reviewed articles published before April 2018.

Testing the Functional Model of Bone Development: Direct and Mediating Role of Muscle Strength on Bone Properties in Growing Youth.

This study examines the functional model of bone development in peri-pubertal boys and girls. Specifically, we implemented a mixed-longitudinal design and hierarchical structural models to provide experimental evidence in support of the conceptual functional model of bone development, postulating that the primary mechanical stimulus of bone strength development is muscle force. To this end, we measured radial and tibial bone properties (speed of sound, SOS), isometric grip and knee extensors strength, bone resorption (urinary NTX concentration), body mass index (BMI), somatic maturity (years from peak height velocity) and skeletal maturity (bone age) in 180 children aged 8-16 years.

Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Irisin in Response to High Intensity Swimming in Adolescent versus Adult Male Swimmers.

Swimming is a popular youth sport that is considered beneficial for cardiovascular fitness. However, the potential inflammatory outcomes of high intensity swimming in younger swimmers are unclear, as is the response of irisin, a myokine released during exercise with anti-inflammatory properties. This study compared the plasma concentrations of interleukins 1-beta (IL-1β), 6 (IL-6), 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and irisin in response to intense swimming between adolescent and adult male swimmers.