Stochastic growth and selective stabilization generate stereotyped dendritic arbors.

Stereotyped dendritic arbors are shaped by dynamic and stochastic growth during neuronal development. It remains unclear how guidance receptors and ligands coordinate branch dynamic growth, retraction, and stabilization to specify dendritic arbors. We previously showed that extracellular ligand SAX-7/LICAM dictates the shape of the PVD sensory neuron via binding to the dendritic guidance receptor DMA-1, a single transmembrane adhesion molecule.

Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation With Utilization and Costs of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis.

Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the association of Area Deprivation Index (ADI) with the utilization and costs of elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: ADI, a comprehensive neighborhood-level measure of socioeconomic disadvantage, has been shown to be associated with worse perioperative outcomes in a variety of surgical settings.

Nuclear hormone receptors promote gut and glia detoxifying enzyme induction and protect C. elegans from the mold P. brevicompactum.

Animals encounter microorganisms in their habitats, adapting physiology and behavior accordingly. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is found in microbe-rich environments; however, its responses to fungi are not extensively studied. Here, we describe interactions of C.