Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of posaconazole in paediatric leukaemia patients.

Background: Little is known about the distribution of posaconazole in brain tissue and CSF. We therefore analysed trough concentrations of posaconazole in paediatric leukaemia patients in non-inflamed CSF.

Patients And Methods: The study included paediatric patients <18 years of age with acute leukaemia in remission who underwent repeat therapeutic lumbar punctures as part of their anti-leukaemia treatment.

New and emerging options for management of invasive fungal diseases in paediatric patients.

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) play an important role in the supportive care of paediatric patients with acute leukaemia and those undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation, and they are associated with significantly decreased overall survival rates in affected individuals. Relative to adults, children and adolescents are distinct in terms of host biology, predisposing conditions, presentation and epidemiology of fungal diseases, and in the pharmacology of antifungal agents. The paediatric development of antifungal agents has moved forward in a coordinated manner, and major advances have been made regarding concepts and recommendations for the prevention and treatment of IFDs.

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation - Single-center experience and review.

Background: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection following pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a rare complication and available data is scarce. Therefore, we present the experience with B19V Infection in allogeneic pediatric HCT recipients at our transplant center together with a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Pediatric HCT patients with Parvovirus B19 infection treated at the University Children's Hospital Münster between 1999 and 2021 were retrospectively identified and clinical data were analyzed.

The Cellular Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Childhood Solid Cancers: Informing More Effective Immunotherapies.

Common pediatric solid cancers fail to respond to standard immuno-oncology agents relying on preexisting adaptive antitumor immune responses. The adoptive transfer of tumor-antigen specific T cells, such as CAR-gene modified T cells, is an attractive strategy, but its efficacy has been limited. Evidence is accumulating that local barriers in the tumor microenvironment prevent the infiltration of T cells and impede therapeutic immune responses.