An extract of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) modulates gut peptide hormone secretion and reduces energy intake in healthy-weight men: a randomized, crossover clinical trial.

Background: Gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells express chemosensory bitter taste receptors that may play an important role in regulating energy intake (EI) and gut function.

Objectives: To determine the effect of a bitter hop extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on acute EI, appetite, and hormonal responses.