Impact of Screening on Breast Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan: Results of Component Analysis.

Objective: The study is to conduct a component analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of BC (BC) in Kazakhstan, taking into account regions.

Methods: Primary data were for registered patients with BC (ICD 10 - C50) in the whole country during the period of 2009-2018. Evaluation of changes in BC incidence in the population of Kazakhstan was performed using component analysis according to the methodological recommendations.

Corrigendum: Suppression of luteinizing hormone enhances HSC recovery after hematopoietic injury.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nm.4470.

Suppression of luteinizing hormone enhances HSC recovery after hematopoietic injury.

There is a substantial unmet clinical need for new strategies to protect the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and regenerate hematopoiesis after radiation injury from either cancer therapy or accidental exposure. Increasing evidence suggests that sex hormones, beyond their role in promoting sexual dimorphism, regulate HSC self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferation. We and others have previously reported that sex-steroid ablation promotes bone marrow (BM) lymphopoiesis and HSC recovery in aged and immunodepleted mice.

Fate Decision Between Group 3 Innate Lymphoid and Conventional NK Cell Lineages by Notch Signaling in Human Circulating Hematopoietic Progenitors.

The role of Notch signaling in human innate lymphoid cell (ILC) differentiation is unclear, although IL-7 and IL-15 promote differentiation of natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) NKp44 group 3 ILCs (NCRILC3s) and conventional NK (cNK) cells from CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) ex vivo. In this study, we analyzed the functions of Notch in the differentiation of NCRILC3s and cNK cells from human HPC subpopulations circulating in peripheral blood by limiting dilution and clonal assays using high-throughput flow cytometry. We demonstrated that Notch signaling in combination with IL-7 induced NCRILC3 differentiation, but conversely suppressed IL-15-dependent cNK cell generation in CD45RAFlt-3c-Kit, a novel innate lymphocyte-committed HPC subpopulation.

Trends in Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Chelyabinsk Region, 2006-2015.

Breast cancer among women occupies a leading position in the profile of cancer incidence in most parts of the world. The present study of the incidence and prevalence of breast cancer was carried out using data from the Chelyabinsk population cancer registry for 2006-2015. A stable growth trend in the incidence over time was noted overall, as well as major differences in the figures for women of different ethnicities (Russian, Tatar, Bashkir), by far the highest incidences being observed for Russian women.

Assessing Breast Cancer Awareness in Thai Women: Validation of the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (B-CAS).

Background: Raising breast cancer awareness is a well-established first line strategy to reduce breast cancer mortality. A properly validated instrument is needed to gain a better understanding of breast cancer awareness. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess breast cancer awareness in Thai women.

Clinical, Histopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Metastatic Breast Cancer in North-Eastern Kazakhstan: a 10 Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the top cancer among women worldwide and has been the most frequent malignancy among Kazakhstan women over the past few decades. Information on clinical and histopathological features of metastatic breast cancer (MBC), as well as the distribution of molecular subtypes is limited for Kazakh people. Materials and Methods: The present observational retrospective study was carried out at Regional Oncologic Dispensaries in the North-East Region of Kazakhstan (in Semey and Pavlodar cities).

Recapitulating the Size and Cargo of Tumor Exosomes in a Tissue-Engineered Model.

There is a growing interest in the pivotal role of exosomes in cancer and in their use as biomarkers. However, despite the importance of the microenvironment for cancer initiation and progression, monolayer cultures of tumor cells still represent the main in vitro source of exosomes. As a result, their environmental regulation remains largely unknown.

BO-1055, a novel DNA cross-linking agent with remarkable low myelotoxicity shows potent activity in sarcoma models.

DNA damaging agents cause rapid shrinkage of tumors and form the basis of chemotherapy for sarcomas despite significant toxicities. Drugs having superior efficacy and wider therapeutic windows are needed to improve patient outcomes. We used cell proliferation and apoptosis assays in sarcoma cell lines and benign cells; γ-H2AX expression, comet assay, immunoblot analyses and drug combination studies in vitro and in patient derived xenograft (PDX) models.

Relationship between spontaneous γH2AX foci formation and progenitor functions in circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells among atomic-bomb survivors.

Accumulated DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells is a primary mechanism of aging-associated dysfunction in human hematopoiesis. About 70 years ago, atomic-bomb (A-bomb) radiation induced DNA damage and functional decreases in the hematopoietic system of A-bomb survivors in a radiation dose-dependent manner. The peripheral blood cell populations then recovered to a normal range, but accompanying cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells still remain that bear molecular changes possibly caused by past radiation exposure and aging.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Opisthorchis viverrini Infection in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR.

Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) liver flukes are common parasites found in central and southern Laos and constitute a major public health problem in the country. Laos people continue to have the habit of extensively consuming raw or half-cooked fish which are intermediate hosts. This study aimed to study the prevalence and factors associated with OV infection in the population of Thakek district, Khammouane Province.

Development of a Breast Cancer Awareness Scale for Thai Women: Moving towards a Validated Measure.

Background: Breast cancer is a major health problem among women around the world. Recent developments in screening and treatment have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in developed countries. However, in developing countries breast cancer mortality remains high.

Malignant Neoplasm Burden in Nepal - Data from the Seven Major Cancer Service Hospitals for 2012.

In Nepal, while no population based cancer registry program exists to assess the incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality of cancer, at the national level a number of hospital based cancer registries are cooperating to provide relevant data. Seven major cancer diagnosis and treatment hospitals are involved, including the BP Koirala Memorial Cancer hospital, supported by WHO-Nepal since 2003. The present retrospective analysis of cancer patients of all age groups was conducted to assess the frequencies of different types of cancer presenting from January 1st to December 31st 2012.

Circulating Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Aging Atomic Bomb Survivors.

It is not yet known whether hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are compromised in the aging population of atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors after their exposure nearly 70 years ago. To address this, we evaluated age- and radiation-related changes in different subtypes of circulating HSPCs among the CD34-positive/lineage marker-negative (CD34(+)Lin(-)) cell population in 231 Hiroshima A-bomb survivors. We enumerated functional HSPC subtypes, including: cobblestone area-forming cells; long-term culture-initiating cells; erythroid burst-forming units; granulocyte and macrophage colony-forming units; and T-cell and natural killer cell progenitors using cell culture.

Fully Synthetic Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enabled by Isonitrile-Mediated Coupling of Large, Side-Chain-Unprotected Peptides.

Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an endogenous glycoprotein involved in hematopoiesis. Natively glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant forms, lenograstim and filgrastim, respectively, are used clinically to manage neutropenia in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment. Despite their comparable therapeutic potential, the purpose of O-linked glycosylation at Thr133 remains a subject of controversy.

A novel cell-stiffness-fingerprinting analysis by scanning atomic force microscopy: comparison of fibroblasts and diverse cancer cell lines.

Differing stimuli affect cell stiffness while cancer metastasis is associated with reduced cell stiffness. Cell stiffness determined by atomic force microscopy has been limited by measurement over nuclei to avoid spurious substratum effects in thin cytoplasmic domains, and we sought to develop a more complete approach including cytoplasmic areas. Ninety μm square fields were recorded from ten separate sites of cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and three sites each for melanoma (MM39, WM175, and MeIRMu), osteosarcoma (SAOS-2 and U2OS), and ovarian carcinoma (COLO316 and PEO4) cell lines, each site providing 1024 measurements as 32 × 32 square grids.

Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Fatty Liver Based on Ultrasonography Screening in the World's Highest Cholangiocarcinoma Incidence Region, Northeast Thailand.

Fatty liver disease (FLD) can be a precondition for other liver pathology including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested in some studies to be a risk factor for FLD as well as cancers, including cholangiocellular carcinoma; however, there are currently very few studies on FLD in DM subjects, although the rate of FLD continues to increase annually. To determine the association between DM and FLD ultrasonographic data were analyzed from the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), in northeast Thailand.

Evaluation of Initial Telomere Length and Changes after Transplantation in Adult Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplant Recipients.

Cord blood (CB) leukocytes have inherent telomere length (TL) variation, and CB hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can maintain high telomerase levels preventing telomere attrition in vitro. We evaluated TL changes in 13 adult double-unit CB transplant (CBT) recipients. In the 26 units, we observed a marked variation in CB TL at thaw (median, 9.

Total synthesis of glycosylated proteins.

Glycoproteins are an important class of naturally occurring biomolecules which play a pivotal role in many biological processes. They are biosynthesized as complex mixtures of glycoforms through post-translational protein glycosylation. This fact, together with the challenges associated with producing them in homogeneous form, has hampered detailed structure-function studies of glycoproteins as well as their full exploitation as potential therapeutic agents.

CDK4/6 Inhibitor PD 0332991 Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Cytarabine-Mediated Cytotoxicity.

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6 are frequently overexpressed or hyperactivated in human cancers. Targeting CDK4/CDK6 in combination with cytotoxic killing therefore represents a rational approach to cancer therapy. By selective inhibition of CDK4/CDK6 with PD 0332991, which leads to early G1 arrest and synchronous S-phase entry upon release of the G1 block, we have developed a novel strategy to prime acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells for cytotoxic killing by cytarabine (Ara-C).