[Touch and care, skills to develop in a team].

The relationship with the body requires constant adjustment between the patient, the caregiver and the team. A learning organisation supporting the use of touch at the heart of care favours the therapeutic alliance with the patient and the inter-disciplinary implementation of this approach.

[Sensory functions and Alzheimer's disease: a multi-disciplinary approach].

Relations between sensory functions and Alzheimer's disease are still under-explored. To understand them better, the Fondation Médéric Alzheimer has brought together a multi-disciplinary expert group. Aristote's five senses must be enhanced by today's knowledge of proprioception, motor cognition and pain perception.

[Nursing diagnoses and educational diagnosis, differences and complementarity].

The coordination between nursing diagnoses and the educational diagnosis still remains a difficult task. The educational approach arises from clinical reasoning derived from the caregiving approach. In collaboration with the team, the nurse analyses the data collected, makes nursing diagnoses and then shares with the patient care objectives and educational objectives.

[Fitting a male sheath urinal while respecting the patient's intimacy].

The fitting of a male sheath urinal directly concerns the patient's area of sexual intimacy. The modesty of the patient and caregiver as they interact is tested, leading to discomfort or clumsiness which can provoke a feeling of intrusion. Preparing this care procedure favours the adherence of both parties.

[Defining and questioning intrusion in care situations].

Most care procedures require the patient to give personal information and to reveal their body in order to enable a clinical examination or a care procedure to be carried out, which can leave them feeling embarrassed. Considering as a team what causes the feeling of intrusion in a care procedure enables nursing strategies to be adopted which can help the patient overcome their modesty and feel secure, becoming a partner in a care procedure for which they understand the clinical need and underlying intentionality. Testimonies.

[Basic principles of patient education].

The objective of therapeutic education is to enable patients to reconcile their life project, disease and treatment. To achieve this, it aims notably to make them autonomous in the management of their health. Often practised in a multi-disciplinary team, it is an essential component of the management of patients with chronic diseases.

[The language of touch in care].

At the heart of the care relationship, the hands of the caregiver the body of the patient interact. The language of touch is therefore expressed in addition to the verbal and nonverbal elements of human communication.

[Internal skills certification, sharing experiences].

An internal skills certification entitled, "The care relationship in situations of impaired communication" has been set up by the Paris hospitals authority (Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris). It enables healthcare workers practising in geriatrics to build on the practical experience they have developed. The fruit of an individual introspection helping to formalise the verbal and non-verbal methods they use in their practice, it requires a specific institutional, managerial and personal framework to be put in place.

[Knowing how to transfer knowledge, a challenge of professionalization].

Transferring knowledge is a delicate exercise. Understanding the notions of posture, identity construction, reflexivity and learner organisation helps to put the way knowledge is transferred into perspective. At the heart of skills development, these conceptual reminders throw light on the mechanisms in play in intergenerational transfer, aiming at professionalisation.

[Pain and treatment, clinical situations and lines of questioning].

The pain provoked by a treatment is difficult to understand by professionals, individually or collectively. Guilt, a feeling of powerlessness or doubt can arise with the healthcare worker who witnesses it or performs the treatment, and lead him/her to avoid talking about it, once the treatment is carried out. The study of clinical situations aims to incite reflection among teams to improve understanding of the complexity of these situations, influenced by the representations, perceptions and emotions of everyone involved.

[Treatment-related pain, definitions and help with detection].

Treatment-related pain can be provoked, iatrogenic or induced. Some of its causes are known. They guide observation and clinical examination as well as the choice of assessment strategies and steps to prevent treatment-related pain.

Improving diaper design to address incontinence associated dermatitis.

Background: Incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD) is an inflammatory skin disease mainly triggered by prolonged skin contact with urine, feces but also liberal detergent use when cleansing the skin. To minimize the epidermal barrier challenge we optimized the design of adult incontinence briefs. In the fluid absorption area we interposed a special type of acidic, curled-type of cellulose between the top sheet in contact with the skin and the absorption core beneath containing the polyacrylate superabsorber.