-mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: characterization, photocatalytic and antifungal activities.

The biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from plant extracts has emerged as a novel method for producing NPs with great scalability and biocompatibility. The present study is focused on bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanomaterial characterization and investigation of its photocatalytic and antifungal activities. ZnO NPs were biosynthesized using the leaf extract of without using harmful reducing or capping chemicals, which demonstrated fungicidal activity against f.

Impact of Wooton on the Composition and Diversity of Native Woody Species in a Semi-Arid Zone along the Molopo River, South Africa.

Invasive alien species represent one of the main threats to biodiversity and species extinction. This is the case for the genus among which is the most invasive and common tree species along the Molopo River in the North-West Province, impacting native plant communities. However, its impact on the composition and diversity of native woody species remains poorly investigated in the area.

Green Nanotechnology: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Application.

The key pathways for synthesizing nanoparticles are physical and chemical, usually expensive and possibly hazardous to the environment. In the recent past, the evaluation of green chemistry or biological techniques for synthesizing metal nanoparticles from plant extracts has drawn the attention of many researchers. The literature on the green production of nanoparticles using various metals (i.

New insights on the utilization of ultrasonicated mustard seed cake: chemical composition and antagonistic potential for root-knot nematode, .

This study focused, for the first time, on the effect of ultrasonic features on the extraction efficiency of secondary metabolites in mustard seed cake (MSC). The nematostatic potential of sonicated seed cake was examined against the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of root-knot nematode, . The results show that a 35 ppm (parts per million) concentration of a sonicated extract (SE) sample of MSC caused 65% J2s mortality at 18 h exposure period in vitro.

Receptor specificity defines algogenic properties of propofol and fospropofol.

Background: Propofol-evoked injection site pain is not observed with fospropofol. We hypothesized that unlike propofol, fospropofol does not activate the irritant receptor, transient receptor potential 1 (TRPA1).

Methods: We tested the hypothesis using electrophysiology and behavioral studies.

NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double-blind study.

Background: The limitations of current treatments for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) have led to the investigation of localised, non-systemic alternatives. NGX-4010, a high-concentration (8%) capsaicin dermal patch, was developed to treat patients with neuropathic pain. We report the results of a randomised, double blind, 12-week study of the efficacy and safety of one application of NGX-4010 in patients with PHN.

Supporting the academic mission in an era of constrained resources: approaches at the University of Arizona College of Medicine.

The authors describe initiatives at the University of Arizona College of Medicine to markedly expand faculty, build research along programmatic lines, and promote a new, highly integrated medical school curriculum. Accomplishing these goals in this era of declining resources is challenging. The authors describe their approaches and outcomes to date, derived from a solid theoretical framework in the management literature, to (1) support research faculty recruitment, emphasizing return on investment, by using net present value to guide formulation of recruitment packages, (2) stimulate efficiency and growth through incentive plans, by using utility theory to optimize incentive plan design, (3) distribute resources to support programmatic growth, by allocating research space and recruitment dollars to maximize joint hires between units with shared interests, and (4) distribute resources from central administration to encourage medical student teaching, by aligning state dollars to support a new integrated organ-system based-curriculum.

Role of NK-1 neurotransmission in opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Opiates are among the most important drugs for treatment of moderate to severe pain and prolonged opiate administration is often required to treat chronic pain states. We investigated the neurobiological actions of sustained opiate administration revealing paradoxical pronociceptive adaptations associated with NK-1 receptor function. Sustained morphine delivered over 6 days elicited hyperalgesia in rats and mice during the period of opiate delivery.

CB2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception.

Cannabinoid receptor agonists diminish responses to painful stimuli. Extensive evidence implicates the CB(1) receptor in the production of antinociception. However, the capacity of CB(2) receptors, which are located outside the central nervous system (CNS), to produce antinociception is not known.

Mediation of spinal nerve injury induced tactile allodynia by descending facilitatory pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus in rats.

Evidence exists to indicate that tactile allodynia arising from peripheral nerve injury is integrated predominately at supraspinal, rather than spinal, sites. In the present experiments, the possibility that disruption of descending pathways through the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) might alter expression of nerve-injury induced tactile allodynia was explored. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received L(5)/L(6) spinal nerve ligation (SNL).

The transport of neonates to an intensive care unit.

Objective: To describe the mode of transport, the type of patient transferred and outcome as defined by death or discharge from hospital.

Design: A retrospective study was done of all neonates transferred from outside the designated drainage area of the hospital.

Setting: The study was done at the level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tygerberg Hospital for the period January-September 1992.

[Bilateral retinal arteritis with multiple aneurysmal dilatations].

Bilateral retinal arteritis with multiple aneurysmal dilatations was described for the first time by Kincaid and Schatz in 1983. We have reported a typical case of this disease which occurred in a 49-year-old woman: retinal abnormalities were followed up during two years by repeated fluorescein angiographies. The etiology of the disease and its connexions with periarteritis nodosa are discussed.