One-eartip solution for pure-tone audiometry and acoustic immittance measurements: using insert earphone with an immittance probe ear tip.

Objective: Two consecutive studies sought to determine the (1) Equivalent Threshold Sound Pressure Levels (ETSPLs) and, (2) real ear attenuation thresholds (REAT) for the KUDUwave earcup configured with an insert earphone using a typical immittance probe tip (TPT).

Design: (1) Hearing thresholds were measured for frequencies 125 to 8000 Hz using the TPT. ETSPLs were calculated in an IEC 60318-4 occluded ear simulator.

[Characterization of children hospitalized with infective endocarditis in a Pediatric Reference Center of Uruguay, 2011-2018].

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In recent years there have been changes in the epidemiology of this disease.

Aim: To describe epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of IE admitted to a pediatric hospital from 2011 to 2018.

Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children aged 3 to 59 months in the Kangaba and Kolokani health districts between 2013 and 2015.

Introduction: Malaria is a public health problem in Mali. Seasonal chemo prevention (SCP) is of particular importance, hence its introduction by the WHO since 2012 in children aged 3 to 59 months from the start of the transmission season. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of SCP on malaria in the health districts of Kangaba and Kolokani.

[Active surveillance of febrile seizures associated to DPT vaccines in a sentinel hospital in Uruguay].

Background: Febrile seizures are VAERS often associated with whole-cells Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccines.

Aim: To analyze the association of febrile seizures with the administration of pentavalent vaccine in children under two-years-old assisted in the Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR), in Montevideo during 2014.

Methods: Self-controlled case series study.

Constraint Handling Guided by Landscape Analysis in Combinatorial and Continuous Search Spaces.

The notion and characterisation of fitness landscapes has helped us understand the performance of heuristic algorithms on complex optimisation problems. Many practical problems, however, are constrained, and when significant areas of the search space are infeasible, researchers have intuitively resorted to a variety of constraint-handling techniques intended to help the algorithm manoeuvre through infeasible areas and toward feasible regions of better fitness. It is clear that providing constraint-related feedback to the algorithm to influence its choice of solutions overlays the violation landscape with the fitness landscape in unpredictable ways whose effects on the algorithm cannot be directly measured.

Reemergence of African Swine Fever in Zimbabwe, 2015.

Zimbabwe is the only country in southern Africa with no reported African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks during 1993-2014. However, the 2015 discovery of genotype II ASF virus in Zimbabwe indicates the reemergence of ASF in this country and suggests that this viral genotype may be spreading through eastern and southern Africa.

[Liquid chromatographic determination of free thiamine and its esters in whole blood].

Introduction: To appreciate vitamin B1 status in normal and pathophysiological states in local ivorian populations, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters: thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphsophate or cocarboxylase in whole blood has been developed.

Methods: The method involves extraction with diethylether, followed by pre-column alkaline derivatization by bromide cyanogen. The extract was analysed by isocratic reversed-phase isocratic high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection.

[Diabetes in Ivory Coast: special epidemiological features].

Within less than a quarter century diabetes has become a health problem in developing countries. In Africa this metabolic disorder is found in a wide variety of sometimes atypical forms. The purpose of this study was to highlight the special epidemiological features of medically diagnosed diabetes in Ivory Coast.

[Effects of vitamin A supplementation on nutritional markers on the follow-up of malnutrition in children].

Prospectively assessment of vitamin A supplemented during a follow-up of a protein-energy malnutrition rehabilitation included serum retinol, Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA) determination. This study was conducted during one month on a group of 36 vitamin A (200,000 IU) supplemented malnourished children and 32 age-and sex-matched malnourished children receiving only a nutritional regimen. Determinations were carried out at days 0, 15 and 30.

[Protein profile in malnutrition states of the Ivory Coast child].

Prospectively assessment of nutritional status, besides anthropometric parameters measurements, included determination of the following plasma proteins: albumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein and thyroxine-binding prealbumin, usually regarded as useful indices of protein depletion states. Patients' inflammatory or infectious diseases were investigated by measuring the two most reliable acute-phase reactants (orosomucoid and c-reactive protein). This study was conducted on a group of 56 pediatric patients malnourished and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls.

The development of a framework for assessing developing conversational skills.

A framework for investigating the development of conversational skills in children, comprising the areas of topic control, repair of communication breakdown and linguistic cohesion, was devised. This was undertaken by a process of collating information from some existing pragmatic profiles and the developmental literature. The framework was then modified inductively to accommodate features of the data obtained from 12 normally developing English-speaking children in the age groups three, four and five years.