Cost of Carbon in the Total Cost of a Healthcare Procedure: Example of Micro-Costing Study in a French Setting.

Background: Economic evaluation aims to compare the costs and results of health strategies to inform public decision making. Although sometimes suggested, until now no national evaluation agency has recommended formally incorporating the cost of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by health interventions into the estimation of healthcare costs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test and discuss the feasibility of estimating and including the contribution of GHG emissions cost to the total cost of a surgical intervention, with the example of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTA), using a micro-costing approach.

Appraisal of Schoolchildren's Feelings and Attitudes towards Dentists and Their Potential Impact on Oral Health.

Aim: To assess schoolchildren's feelings and attitudes towards dentists and their potential impact on oral health.

Materials And Methods: 7902 schoolchildren (12 and 15 years old) attending public and private schools completed a questionnaire that assessed their feeling and attitude toward dentists. DMFT and CPI indices were used to assess dental caries and periodontal diseases respectively according to the World Health Organization method and criteria.

Alterations of PTEN and SMAD4 methylation in diagnosis of breast cancer: implications of methyl II PCR assay.

Background: Diagnosis of breast cancer is more complicated due to lack of minimal invasive biomarker with sufficient precision. DNA methylation is a promising marker for cancer diagnosis. In this study, authors evaluated methylation patterns for PTEN and SMAD4 in blood samples using EpiTect Methyl II QPCR assay quantitative PCR technology.

Prevalence and Etiological Factors of Dental Trauma among 12- and 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren of Lebanon: A National Study.

Background: Traumatic dental injuries represent nearly 5% of children and adolescents' injuries leading to serious medical and psychological issues. This current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma and its potential association with different predisposing factors among 12-and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Lebanon.

Materials And Methods: 7902 schoolchildren, 3806 male and 4096 female aged 12 years ( = 3985) and 15 years ( = 3917), were recruited by a stratified multistaged randomized cluster sampling method from public and private schools and were clinically examined in a national cross-sectional study.

High and Low WWOX Gene Expression Levels in Acute Myeloid Leukemia - a Real Time RT-PCR Study.

Background: Although expression of WWOX was extensively studied in different tumors, WWOX gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia is not well-known or recognized.

Methods: Fifty control donors and fifty acute myeloid leukemia patients were enrolled in this research. The levels of WWOX gene in all participants were detected by RT-qPCR.

Serum MiRNA-27a as potential diagnostic nucleic marker for breast cancer.

Background: Accumulating evidence reveals that microRNA 27a (miR 27a) is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, its diagnostic role in breast cancer (BC) still needs investigation.

Materials And Methods: MiR 27a expression was assessed in serum samples from patients with primary BC ( 100), benign breast lesions ( 30) and control group served as healthy volunteers ( 20) using quantitative real-time PCR.

Influence of copper (I) nicotinate complex and autophagy modulation on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in HCC1806 breast cancer cells.

Purpose: Doxorubicin is regarded as the most therapeutic active agent available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. However, the development of drug resistance and toxicity limits its effectiveness. Thus, developing novel strategies for TNBC treatment remains a significant challenge and doxorubicin-based combinations either by metal complexes (Copper I nicotinate complex) or with autophagy modulators could provide novel strategies and alternative strategies contributed to cancer cell death pathways, autophagy and apoptosis.

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene polymorphisms and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: There are no reports about the association of angiotensin II type 2 receptor ( AT2R) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children.

Objective: The objective of this research is to study AT2R gene polymorphisms in exon 3 (C1593A) and intron 1 (A1675G) in Egyptian children with SLE and its correlation with disease manifestations and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level.

Methods: Typing of AT2R gene polymorphisms was conducted in 123 children with SLE in comparison with 100 healthy controls using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

miRNA-155 and miRNA-181a as prognostic biomarkers for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Mortality rates of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved over the past 20 years; however, a significant portion of deaths stems from the lack of prognostic biomarkers, which can direct therapy and overcome drug resistance. microRNA-155a (miRNA-155a) and miRNA-181a are two single-stranded miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of many types of leukemia and lymphoma and is linked to drug resistance. We investigated their expression levels in 55 patients, 45 diagnosed with ALL and 10 as a control group.

Prognostic Implication of MIF Gene Expression in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Background: Cytogenetic and molecular genetic markers have been used recently to stratify risk and predict prognosis of different types of cancers. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers. We studied MIF gene expression behavior to investigate its prognostic impact in childish patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Angiotensin II, the major effective molecule of the renin-angiotensin system, plays a vital role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To study angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism at (A1166C) in Egyptian children with SLE and its correlation with serum ACE level and SLE manifestations. AT1R gene polymorphism (A1166C) was done in 123 children with SLE in comparison to 100 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) and the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) to confirm the results of the genotyping.

MIF-173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism as a risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia development in children.

Background: Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine modulating monocyte motility and a pleiotropic regulator of different biological and cellular processes. The MIF-173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism is found in the promoter region and affects its activity. The present study investigated the MIF polymorphism as a risk factor for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian children.

Role of some circulating MiRNAs on breast cancer diagnosis.

Aberrant expression of miRNAs has a link with tumorgenesis and their deregulation is reported in biological fluids of cancer patients. Authors aimed to investigate the diagnostic role of miRNA-17-5p, miR-155 and miRNA-222 in serum samples from breast cancer patients ( = 80), benign breast patients ( = 40) and healthy individuals ( = 30) using quantitative real-time PCR technique. Median levels of investigated markers revealed significant increase in primary breast cancer followed by benign and control groups.

Genetic polymorphisms of TP53 Arg72Pro and Pro47Ser among Egyptian patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Background: Previous reports demonstrated the role of TP53 gene polymorphisms with CRC risk among several ethnic populations. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of the TP53 Arg72Pro and Pro47Ser variants with CRC risk among Egyptian patients.

Subjects And Methods: This work was conducted on 120 unrelated CRC Egyptian patients who were compared to 140 healthy controls.

Neutralizing activity and safety of human monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus.

Aim: Assessment of the neutralizing activity of human monoclonal antibodies against HCV and also study their safety in experimental small animals (Swiss mice).

Materials And Methods: Assessment of neutralizing activity of human monoclonal antibodies against HCV envelope regions (E1, E2) by two methods: by HCV cc infectious system 1) and by using positive HCV positive serum as source of HCV particles genotype 4a (neutralizing assay 2). Dot ELISA was used to study the activity of the generated antibodies.

Antitumor Activity of Copper (I)-Nicotinate Complex and Autophagy Modulation in HCC1806 Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: Squamous cell cancer is a heterogeneous aggressive disease, therefore, its treatment is challenging. Increased attention has been paid to metal complexes as anticancer drugs. However, new insights towards autophagy have been recognized due to its role in tumor cell death or survival.

Association of monoallelic MUTYH mutation among Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous triat that involves both environmental and genetic factors. Genetic mutations of MUTYH (p.Y179C and p.

FHIT Gene Expression in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and its Clinical Significance.

Background: To investigate the expression of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its clinical significance.

Materials And Methods: The level of expressed FHIT mRNA in peripheral blood from 50 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in 50 peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers was measured via RT-PCR. Correlation analyses between FHIT gene expression and clinical characteristics (gender, age, white blood count, immunophenotype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and percentage of blast cells) of the patients were performed.

A simple diagnostic index comprising epithelial membrane antigen and fibronectin for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Background and rationale for the study. Continuing search for suitable tumor-markers is of clinical value in managing patients with various malignancies. These markers may be presented as intracellular substances in tissues or may be released into the circulation and appear in serum.

HCC-DETECT: a combination of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and oncofetal proteins as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Currently, the search for suitable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers is very intensive. Besides, efficacy and cost/effectiveness of screening and surveillance of cirrhotics for the diagnosis of HCC is still debated. So, the present study is concerned with the evaluation of cytokeratin-1 (CK-1) and nuclear matrix protein-52 (NMP-52) for identifying HCC.

Fibro-check: a combination of direct and indirect markers for liver fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY: The assessment of liver fibrosis provides useful information not only for diagnosis but also for therapeutic decision. This study was concerned with determining the levels of collagen III and its degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as direct and complementary markers for liver fibrosis staging.

Results: A total of 269 chronic hepatitis C patients constituted this study.

Apoptosis and cell proliferation: correlation with BCL-2 and P53 oncoprotein expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aim: Occurrence and biological characteristics of tumors are related not only to over-proliferation of carcinoma cells but also to decrease of apoptosis. The present study was suggested to evaluate the correlation between P53 and Bcl-2 oncoprotein expression with apoptosis and cell proliferative activity in HCC patients.

Methodology: P53 and Bcl-2 protein expression were estimated in the sera and in liver tissues of 45 HCC cases using ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

Antiviral activity of virocidal peptide derived from NS5A against two different HCV genotypes: an in vitro study.

This study aimed at assessment of the antiviral activity of an amphipathic α-helical peptide derived from the hepatitis C virus NS5A known as C5A virocidal peptide against different HCV genotypes. Two sources of HCV virus for in vitro study: HCV genotype 4 sera samples and JFH-1 infectious culture system genotype 2a were used. Several virocidal peptide concentrations were tested to determine the concentration that inhibits HCV propagation in Huh 7.