Challenges in Toileting Evaluation and Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Delphi Study.

Importance: Toileting difficulties have a significant impact on the daily lives of children with cerebral palsy (CP), yet research on this issue remains inadequate. There is a critical need to better understand the challenges health care professionals face in addressing toileting difficulties.

Objective: To explore challenges faced by health care professionals in toileting evaluation and interventions for children with CP ages 6-18 yr.

Occupational Performance Coaching on Health Self-Care Behavior and Activity Participation for Adults With Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Patients with heart failure (HF) experience restrictions in their activity participation. Health self-care behavior (HSCB) among patients with HF is an essential component of managing HF symptoms.

Objective: To assess the effect of occupational performance coaching (OPC) on improving activity participation and HSCB among patients with HF.

A Delphi Exploration of Toileting Activity Performance in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Within the ICF-CY Framework: Unveiling Influential Factors.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor and postural developmental disability impacting daily activities like toileting. Despite its importance, toileting has often been undervalued in healthcare. This study is aimed at identifying and assessing the level of influence of various factors affecting toileting in individuals with CP using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework.

A Comparative Evaluation of Error Processing Performance and its Relationship with Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Controls Using the Event-Related Potentials.

Background: Some pathological changes occur in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to the onset of clinical symptoms.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of event-related potential (ERP) components in error processing performance as a neuromarker of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and transition to AD and their relation with cognitive functions.

Methods: We conducted an evaluation of 16 patients diagnosed with AD, 16 patients with MCI, and 15 normal controls using three subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB).

The Effect of Leisure Intervention on Occupational Performance and Occupational Balance in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder: A Pilot Study.

Methods: The sample for this quasiexperimental pretest-posttest with a two-month follow-up design comprised nine individuals aged between 18 and 55 years, selected using a convenience sampling method. The intervention consisted of a 2-month group leisure participation program, conducted twice a week, followed by a 2-month follow-up period. Primary outcome measures included occupational performance and occupational balance, and secondary outcome measures were leisure participation, quality of life, and drug craving.

The Effect of Self-Determination Activities on Communication and Interaction Skills and Academic Success (Grade Point Average) of Students at Risk of Emotional-Behavioral Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) have lower academic efficiency than students with other disabilities and exhibit high levels of problematic behaviors and low levels of social functioning. This research aims to investigate the impact of self-determination activities on communication skills and scholastic achievement of students at risk of emotional-behavioral disorders. The study was conducted through a randomized controlled trial during the academic year 2018-2019.

Neurofeedback Training Versus Perceptual-motor Exercises Interventions in Visual Attention for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders characterized by poor attention and subsequently lower learning abilities than normal children. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback and perceptual-motor exercises as two common nonpharmacological treatments for visual attention.

Methods: A total of 40 combined medicated ADHD children (aged 5-12 years) were randomly allocated into two groups: neurofeedback training and perceptual-motor exercises.

Occupational Performance Coaching for Adults with Heart Failure: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Patients with heart failure (HF) usually experience functional disabilities and face participation challenges. Self-care behavior is an essential component of long-term management of HF. This study aims to investigate the effect of occupational performance coaching (OPC) on self-care behaviors and participation in people with HF.

The Effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation on Poststroke Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

Background: A major complication caused by stroke is poststroke fatigue (PSF), and by causing limitations in doing activities of daily living (ADL), it can lower the quality of life.

Objective: The present study is an attempt to examine the effects of vestibular rehabilitation on BADL (Basic Activities of Daily Living), fatigue, depression, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in patients with stroke.

Method: Patients with a history of stroke took part voluntarily in a single-blind clinical trial.

Validation of the Persian Version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey (EMAS) in an Iranian Stroke Population: Predictors of Participation in Meaningful Activities.

Importance: The inability to participate in meaningful activities is one of stroke survivors' main difficulties and has a negative effect on their satisfaction and quality of life.

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey (EMAS-P) and predictors of participation in meaningful activity among chronic stroke survivors.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Minimal and robust clinically important difference of three fatigue measures in chronic stroke survivors.

Background: Fatigue assessment scale (FAS), fatigue subscale of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-F), and vitality subscale of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36-VT) are among the first and most widely used adapted tools for assessing post-stroke fatigue.

Objective: To identify the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and robust clinically important difference (RCID) of FAS, POMS-F, and SF-36-VT in stroke survivors.

Methods: Participants completed the FAS, POMS-F, and SF-36-VT before and after receiving 6-week intervention including graded activity training and pacing therapy.

Symmetric and asymmetric bimanual coordination and freezing of gait in Parkinsonian patients in drug phases.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be associated with motor control impairments in tasks other than gait. This study aimed to examine whether symmetric and asymmetric bimanual coordination is impaired in PD with FOG (PD +FOG) patients and whether dual-task and drug phases may affect bimanual coordination in these patients. Twenty PD +FOG patients, 20 PD patients without FOG (PD -FOG) performed symmetric and asymmetric functional bimanual tasks (reach to and pick up a box and open a drawer to press a pushbutton inside it, respectively) under single-task and dual-task conditions.

Factors Associated with Quality of Life among Caregivers of People with Spinal Cord Injury.

Purpose: Often people with spinal cord injury (SCI) require help from their caregivers to carry out activities of daily living. Such assistance may affect caregiver quality of life (QoL). This study investigates the QoL and its associated risk factors among caregivers of people with SCI to find possible ways to increase their QoL.

Relationship between Work-Related Quality of Life and Job Satisfaction in Iranian Occupational Therapists.

Objective: This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between the work-related quality of life and job satisfaction among Iranian occupational therapists.

Methods: In an analytical-descriptive, cross-sectional study, 322 occupational therapists were recruited through a convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria consisted of age between 22 and 50 years, at least one-year work experience, 24 hours of working per week as an occupational therapist, and membership of Iranian Occupation Therapy Association.

Effect of occupational therapy on self-determination skills of adolescents at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders: A randomized controlled trial.

Self-determination skills enable to support an individual's needs and make decisions to function independently. Improvement of self-determination skills has had a positive result for adolescents at risk of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational therapy interventions on the self-determination skills of adolescent girls at risk of emotional-behavioral disorders.

Predictors of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Performance in Patients with Stroke.

Objective: Instrumental activities of daily livings are important for independent living and active participation in the community. The present study is aimed at determining factors predicting instrumental activities of daily living performance in patients with stroke.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenient sample of 90 patients with stroke entered from five occupational therapy centers, which were selected based on the cluster randomization method.

National Guidelines for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Iranian Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Background: Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran.

Methods: The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME).

Psychometric properties of Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment (MAPA) in chronic stroke survivors.

Background: Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment (MAPA) is an appropriate tool for assessing both objective and subjective aspects of participation.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of MAPA in chronic stroke survivors.

Methods: Translation of MAPA was done according to the standard protocol of forward-backward translation.

Correlations between developmental test of visual perception-adolescent and adult and visual evoked potential in people with multiple sclerosis.

Optic neuritis (ON) is a common visual sign in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although ON is recovered in most cases, other visual functions such as visual perception are affected and are not fully recovered. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between visual evoked potential (VEP) P100 and N70 latencies and visual perception using the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Adolescent and Adult (DTVP-A) in people with MS.

The Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy-Based Sleep Interventions on Quality of Life and Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

Purpose: Sleep difficulties are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which may increase feelings of fatigue, negatively interfere with daily activities, and consequently reduce their quality of life. Studies examining the effects of sleep-targeted interventions in MS are currently limited in the literature. Therefore, we aim to assess the effects of occupational therapy interventions on sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with MS.

Exploring the contributing factors that influence the volition of adolescents with cerebral palsy: A directed content analysis.

Background: Communication, behavioural disturbances and low motivation influence the functional potential and the effectiveness of interventions in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). While the model of human occupation (MOHO) is a conceptual model in occupational therapy, no research on the volition of adolescents with CP in daily activities has been undertaken.

Aim: To explore the elements contributing to the volition of adolescents with CP based on their own experience.

Discriminative factors for post-stroke depression.

Background: Depression is the most common mood disorder following stroke. It can negatively affects different domains of patient's life. The present study aimed to explore demographic and clinical predictors of post stroke depression and determine discriminative cognitive, motor, and functional factors in stroke patients with and without depression.

Practical points for brain-friendly medical and health sciences teaching.

Background: Special learning outcomes are considered for medical and health sciences education which can be acquired by some interactive learning systems in the human brain. Given the importance of this issue, based on literature, we attempted at mentioning certain practical points for medical and health sciences educators to employ in preclinical and clinical teaching.

Materials And Methods: We searched databases of PubMed, Proquest, Scopus, ERIC, and ISI Web of Science for relevant literature from January 2010 to January 2019.

The Relationship between Auditory Sensory Gating and Cognitive Functions on Auditory and Visual Modalities in Primary School Children.

Objectives: Considering the common neurological origins, there is a relationship between the sensory gating and cognitive functions. However, there is no adequate information on this issue. In this study, auditory event-related potentials and the sensory gating performance were assessed in P50, N100 and P200 waves.