Influence of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms on Caregiver Burden for Different Types of Dementia: Clinical Experience in Lima, Peru.

Introduction: People caring for patients with dementia are prone to suffering from burden. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) may have an impact on caregiver burden. In Latin American countries, there is a lack of research on caregiver burden.

Evaluation of Compressive and Bending Strength of a Geopolymer Based on Lateritic Clays as an Alternative Hydraulic Binder.

In Bolivia, lateritic soils are common in humid tropical regions and can be used in the construction industry as an alternative to materials that cause a negative environmental impact, such as cement. The production of Portland cement causes environmental issues like significant greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. To address this problem, geopolymers have been introduced as an alternative binder with low CO emissions.

Low dose intravenous cangrelor versus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in endovascular treatment of tandem lesions.

Objectives: Intravenous (IV) periprocedural antiplatelet therapy (APT) for patients undergoing acute carotid stenting during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not fully investigated. We aimed to compare the safety profile of IV low dose cangrelor versus IV glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP-IIb/IIIa) inhibitors in patients with acute tandem lesions (TLs).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified all cases of periprocedural administration of IV cangrelor or GP-IIb/IIIa inhibitors during acute TLs intervention from a multicenter collaboration.

The Memory Alteration Test Is Correlated with Clinical, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Imaging Markers of Alzheimer Disease in Lima, Peru.

Introduction: As disease-modifying therapies become available for Alzheimer's disease (AD), detection of AD in early stages of illness (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], early dementia) becomes increasingly important. Biomarkers for AD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are costly and not widely available; hence, it is important to identify cognitive tests that correlate well with AD biomarker status. In this study, we evaluated the memory alteration test (M@T) to detect biomarker-proven AD and quantify its correlation with neurodegeneration and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in a cohort of participants from Lima, Peru.

Impact of COVID-19 Mandatory Lockdown Measures on Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Persons with Alzheimer's Disease in Lima, Peru.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worsened during the COVID-19 lockdowns, but their progression thereafter is unknown. We present the first longitudinal study tracking them before, during, and after restrictions.

Objectives: To describe the effect of the COVID-19 mandatory lockdowns on Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Curative embolization of ruptured pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Introduction: Embolization with the intention to cure has not been well studied in ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Furthermore, the role of primary curative embolization of pediatric AVMs is uncertain. Hence, we aimed to characterize the safety and efficacy of curative embolization of ruptured pediatric AVMs and assess predictors of obliteration and complications.

Use of the Woven EndoBridge Device for Sidewall Aneurysms: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The Woven EndoBridge device was originally approved to treat intracranial wide-neck saccular bifurcation aneurysms. Recent studies have suggested its use for the treatment of sidewall intracranial aneurysms with variable success.

Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Woven EndoBridge device for sidewall aneurysms using a meta-analysis of the literature.

A 47-Year-Old Man Presenting With Seizures and Prior Stroke.

A 47-year-old man presented to his local hospital in Peru after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. His family reported a history of prior stroke of unclear etiology. This case report discusses the approach to a first seizure (including in tropical regions like Peru), the relationship between stroke and seizures, the approach to stroke in the young, and how to diagnose rare diseases in resource-limited settings.

Combining visual rating scales to identify prodromal Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease dementia in a population from a low and middle-income country.

Background: Many low- and middle-income countries, including Latin America, lack access to biomarkers for the diagnosis of prodromal Alzheimer's Disease (AD; mild cognitive impairment due to AD) and AD dementia. MRI visual rating scales may serve as an ancillary diagnostic tool for identifying prodromal AD or AD in Latin America. We investigated the ability of brain MRI visual rating scales to distinguish between cognitively healthy controls, prodromal AD and AD.

Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome and use of Brighton criteria in Peruvian hospitals.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system that caused multiple epidemiological outbreaks in Peru during 2018 and 2019. It is usually diagnosed using the Brighton criteria (BC).

Objective: We aimed to determine the performance of Peruvian neurologists in diagnosing GBS based on the BC, along with its associated factors.

Stroke imaging modality for endovascular therapy in the extended window: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the extended time window, the guidelines recommend advanced imaging (ADVI) to select patients for endovascular therapy (EVT). However, questions remain regarding its availability and applicability in the real world. It is unclear whether an approach to the extended window EVT that does not use ADVI would be equivalent.

Microsurgical and endovascular treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are uncommon vascular lesions of the posterior fossa. In addition to aneurysmal morphology, structural anatomic considerations may confer additional procedural risk, and as a result there is currently no consensus as to whether a surgical or endovascular approach offers greater safety and efficacy for patients.

Evidence Acquisition: We systematically examined peer-reviewed literature describing PICA aneurysm treatment planning from January 2000 to May 2021 using the PRISMA methodology.

Multiple sclerosis in Peru: National prevalence study using capture-recapture analysis.

Background: There is scarce epidemiological data on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Latin America. National epidemiological studies are needed to guide the health policy related to MS.

Objective: To determine MS national prevalence in Peru and describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the disease.

Validation of the ICH score and ICH-GS in a Peruvian surgical cohort: a retrospective study.

The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score and the ICH-grading scale (ICH-GS) are mortality predictor tools developed predominantly in conservatively treated ICH cohorts. We aimed to compare and evaluate the external validity of both models in predicting mortality in patients with ICH undergoing surgical intervention. A retrospective review of all patients presenting with spontaneous ICH admitted to a Peruvian national hospital between January 2018 and March 2020 was conducted.

Predicting Mechanical Ventilation Using the EGRIS in Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a Latin American Country.

Background: Up to one fifth of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) require mechanical ventilation (MV). The Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS) is a clinical predictive model developed in Europe to predict MV requirements among patients with GBS. However, there are significant differences between the Latin American and European population, especially in the distribution of GBS subtypes.

[Trends in Google searches on complementary and alternative medicine].

Background: The aim of this article is to evaluate the interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies using Google Trends in spanish-speaking countries.

Methods: An observational study was conducted using GoogleTrends. The search volume of 34 CAM therapies in spanish were evaluated globally and in 21 spanish-speaking countries.

Contrast-enhanced multidetector-CT cholangiography after living donor liver transplantation.

Background/aims: To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of postoperative contrast enhanced Multi-detector-CT cholangiography (ceMDCT-CA) in living liver donors and transplant recipients.

Methodology: Fifteen donors and 11 recipients of a right hepatic lobe underwent ceMDCT-CA. Six donors were admitted to exclude biliary leakage; 9 donors and 11 recipients were examined to exclude postoperative biliary obstruction.

[The dynamics of the drug release from ointment bases. Part 5: The effects of tensides on the liberation of atropine from eye ointments (author's transl)].

The liberation of atropine sulphate from 12 eye ointments added with lipophil emulsifiers (cholesterol and glycerol monostearate) and propylene glycol was determined in vitro in the apparatus of Olszewski and Kubis, using the reaction of atropine with bromothymol blue for spectrometric estimation. The best release was observed with vaseline added with propylene glycol. In contrast, glycerol monostearate and cholesterol produced no considerable increase in liberation.