Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Gujarat, India.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 432 adults with T2DM attending a Non-Communicable Disease clinic. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance, and clinical parameters were assessed.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis predicts prehypertension and hypertension: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension prediction using anthropometry and bioimpedance offers practical advantages for screening. We aimed to analyze various anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) estimates as predictive markers of prehypertension and hypertension.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 432 adult participants recruited from the medicine outpatient department of a tertiary hospital.

UK Foot and Ankle Thromboembolism (UK-FATE).

Aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of foot and ankle surgery. There is a lack of agreement on contributing risk factors and chemical prophylaxis requirements. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and VTE-related mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery and Achilles tendon (TA) rupture.

Prognostic significance of eosinophil-to-platelet ratio and C-reactive protein in predicting adverse events during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A comprehensive observational study.

Background: Biomarkers like sarcopenia, eosinopenia and C-reactive protein (CRP) may predict major adverse events including intubation, ICU admission, mortality and readmission in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. We aimed to determine their prognostic utility and accuracy.

Methods: This was a prospective analysis of COPD patients hospitalised for acute exacerbation over one year.

Nutritional Supplementation in Tuberculosis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Study of Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perceptions in Jamnagar, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with malnutrition being a key risk factor for poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutritional supplementation on treatment outcomes in drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) patients and explore patient perspectives on nutrition during TB treatment.

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat, India.

Nanomedicines as a cutting-edge solution to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to global public health, necessitating the development of novel strategies. AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist antimicrobial drugs, making infections difficult to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death. Over 70% of infection-causing microorganisms are estimated to be resistant to one or several antimicrobial drugs.

Prevalence of normal weight obesity and its cardiometabolic implications among government doctors in Gujarat, India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity is rising globally. Normal weight obesity (NWO) and normal weight central obesity (NWCO) despite normal BMI pose added metabolic risks. Limited data on these phenotypes among Indian doctors merits investigation.

Prevalence and predictors of multimorbidity in older adults, a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Multimorbidity is a condition that refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or long-term medical conditions in an individual. It has become one of the key issues in the public health sector, particularly among older adults. So, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors among older adults.

Association of serum ferritin trends with liver enzyme patterns in β-thalassemia major: A longitudinal correlational study.

Background: β-Thalassemia major patients require lifelong blood transfusions, leading to iron overload and liver injury. This study examines the longitudinal association between serum ferritin and liver function over 5 years in pediatric patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 582 transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients aged 1-18 years.

Prevalence and predictors of loneliness and its association with health-seeking behaviors among the elderly population, Gujarat, A community-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and predictors of loneliness and its associations with health behaviors among elderly adults in Gujarat, India.

Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study included 250 participants aged ≥60 years. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale.

Unravelling the obesity maze in diabetic patients: A comparative analysis of classification methods.

Background: Obesity is a significant health concern among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence suggests that alternative measures, such as abdominal girth (AG) and body fat percentage (BF%), can provide a more accurate reflection of obesity-related metabolic risks in diabetic populations. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of different obesity classification methods, including BMI, AG, and BF%, among individuals with T2DM.

Multimorbidity, health Literacy, and quality of life among older adults in an urban slum in India: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: India is experiencing a rising burden of chronic disease multimorbidity due to an aging population and epidemiological transition. Older adults residing in urban slums are especially vulnerable due to challenges in managing multimorbidity amid deprived living conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multimorbidity, associated health literacy, and quality of life impact in this population.

Technical Sprinting in the Early Phase of Hamstring Injury Rehabilitation to Accelerate Return to Full Participation in Track and Field Athletes: A Comparative Study of Two Rehabilitation Strategies.

Introduction: Hamstring injuries are common in track and field athletes with a higher incidence in males than females. It causes a significant loss in training time and a decline in performance. This study evaluated rehabilitation strategies to accelerate return to full participation following hamstring injury.

Screening of Hospitalized Elderly Patients for Frailty and Associated Co-morbid Conditions in Western Gujarat in India.

Background: Older patients admitted to hospitals have a greater impact on the healthcare system as the population ages. The relationship between the recovery of functional impairments and frailty status in geriatric care units is still not clear. Simple screening technologies are required in order to operationalize frailty management in this susceptible population due to these restrictions.

The Hidden Battle Within: Shedding Light on the Co-existence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Participants with Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to abnormal insulin secretion and/or utilisation. Currently, sarcopenia has emerged as a new complication of T2DM, which increases the risk of physical disability, and even death. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) as well as their association with various other factors related to T2DM.

Dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE clinical isolates over the 2010-2020 decade in India.

Rationale And Objectives: ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) constitute a threat to humans worldwide. India is now the most populous country. The goal was to investigate the evolution of the rates of antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens across India over the 2010-20 decade.

Transcriptional consequences of trisomy 21 on neural induction.

Introduction: Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is a complex developmental disorder associated with intellectual disability and reduced growth of multiple organs. Structural pathologies are present at birth, reflecting embryonic origins. A fundamental unanswered question is how an extra copy of human chromosome 21 contributes to organ-specific pathologies that characterize individuals with Down syndrome, and, relevant to the hallmark intellectual disability in Down syndrome, how trisomy 21 affects neural development.

The triad of physiological challenges: investigating the intersection of sarcopenia, malnutrition, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in patients with COPD - a cross-sectional study.

Background: One of the most prevalent respiratory disorders in modern society is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Frequent comorbidities in patients with COPD are abnormal nutritional status and body composition variations. Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome, which occurs when the 2 conditions - malnutrition and sarcopenia - coexist, raises the risk of death more than either condition alone.

Converging Pathways: Exploring the Interplay of Malnutrition, Sarcopenia, and Frailty in Nursing Home Residents: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Within the context of nursing home care, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty stand as notable conditions, each exerting distinct yet interconnected impacts on residents' well-being. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to elucidate the intricate interplay among malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty among nursing home residents.

Methodology: It is a community-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study among nursing home residents of Vatsalyadham Vrudhsharam, which is an institution for aged old-age people in Jamnagar from April 2023 to July 2023.

Knowledge and Attitude toward Antibiotic Use and Identification of Financially Feasible Options to Curb the Spread of Antibiotics in Environment.

A survey on antibiotic literacy in terms of the use and abuse of antibiotics to track and understand antibiotic consumption is crucial to optimize the use of antibiotics and minimizing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Purposive random sampling, using the snow-ball questionnaire technique, was adopted to ensure that the respondents distributed across India, coming from rural and urban settings, were adolescents as well as adults and had completed at least the higher secondary school level of education. Respondents were divided into five subcategories.

Two to Five-Year Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty with the Infinity Fixed-Bearing Implant: A Concise Follow-up of a Previous Report.

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Co-existence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and carbapenemase-producing genes from Diarrheagenic Enteric pathogens isolated in a tertiary care hospital.

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) among bacterial pathogens is a growing concern that clinicians are facing worldwide. Diarrhea among infants is frequent and is caused by various bacterial and viral infectious agents. Two hundred and twelve stool specimens were collected from pediatric patients from a rural quaternary hospital in Barshi, Sholapur, India, between March and December 2017.

Barriers to paediatric penicillin allergy de-labelling in UK secondary care: a regional survey.

Background: Incorrect penicillin allergy labels result in the use of inappropriately broad-spectrum antibiotics. De-labelling inaccurate penicillin allergy promotes antimicrobial stewardship and optimises prescribing practices. The objectives were to evaluate paediatric clinicians' knowledge and understanding of penicillin allergy and to identify barriers in tackling incorrect penicillin allergy labels.

Total Ankle Replacement Versus Arthrodesis for End-Stage Ankle Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: End-stage ankle osteoarthritis causes severe pain and disability. There are no randomized trials comparing the 2 main surgical treatments: total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle fusion (AF).

Objective: To determine which treatment is superior in terms of clinical scores and adverse events.