[Comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with neurological pathology: current state of the problem and the role of etifoxine in treatment strategy].

The article presents theses of the resolution of the Interdisciplinary Council of Experts in Psychiatry and Neurology (Moscow, 2024) on the issue of comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) in patients with neurological pathologies. The authors highlight the high prevalence of comorbid ADs and their significant negative impact on the course of underlying diseases, such as epilepsy, pain syndromes and post-stroke conditions. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ADs in this group of patients are discussed.

[Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in disorders of cerebral circulation].

At the present stage, great progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of the development of cerebral ischemia. This became possible due to the achievements of theoretical disciplines, in connection with which the general biological approach was formed in the study of pathogenesis of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). The discovery of pathways of free radical oxidation in cerebral ischemia made it possible to substantiate and develop therapeutic strategies using drugs with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.

Relationship of Iron Deficiency, Anemia and Combination of Iron Deficiency With Anemia With Severity of Manifestations of Chronic Heart Failure. Additional Analysis of the Study "Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in the Russian Federation (J-CHF-RF)".

Aim      To evaluate the role of iron deficiency (ID) identified by various criteria, anemia, and the combination of ID and anemia in determining the severity of the clinical course of chronic heart failure (CHF) in a retrospective analysis of data from 498 patients who participated in the ID-CHF-RF Russian multicenter program.Material and methods  ID was diagnosed by the following three criteria established by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC): 1) ferritin concentration <100 μg/l or ferritin concentration 100-299 μg/l in combination with a decreased transferrin saturation (TS) <20%; 2) ID criteria that showed a high sensitivity and specificity when compared with bone marrow morphology (BMM): TS ≤19.8% or serum iron (SI) ≤13 μmol/l; and 3) a composite index including a ferritin concentration <100 μg/l in combination with TS <20% and SI ≤13 μmol/l.

[An interdisciplinary approach to assessing the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Resolution of the Expert Council of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists].

An interdisciplinary approach to assessing the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Resolution of the Expert Council of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists.

[Kleine-Levin syndrome].

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is manifested by periodic hypersomnolence with an increased appetite and psychopathological symptoms (psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, hypersexuality). The duration of the attack ranges from several days to several weeks. A forced awakening can provoke severe aggressive behavior.

Balancing ethical norms and duties for the introduction of new medicines through conditional marketing authorization: a research agenda.

The European Medicines Agency's conditional marketing authorization (CMA) aims to expedite patient access to medicines for unmet medical needs by shifting a part of the drug development process post-authorization. We highlight ethical issues surrounding CMA, comprising (i) the complexity of defining unmet medical need; (ii) poor understanding of CMA and its impact on informed consent; (iii) hope versus unrealistic optimism; (iv) implications of prolonged post-authorization studies and potential patient harm; (v) rights and duties of patients surrounding participation in post-authorization studies; (vi) access to previously authorized CMA medicines; and (vii) the "benefit slippage" phenomenon, defined as the gradual shift of strict criteria to less strict criteria. We propose a comprehensive research agenda to address these ethical issues, and stress the need for multi-stakeholder engagement to ensure patient-centered use of CMA.

Female and Male Phenotypes of Iron Deficiency in CHF. Additional analysis of the «The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in the Russian Federation (J-CHF-RF)» study.

Aim    To evaluate the incidence of iron deficiency (ID) in men and women with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to compare clinical and functional indexes in patient with and without ID depending on the gender.Material and methods    An additional analysis of the study "Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in the Russian Federation (ID-CHF-RF)" was performed. The study included 498 (198 women, 300 men) patients with CHF, in whom, in addition to iron metabolism, the quality of life and exercise tolerance (ET) were studied.

A Rare Human Helminth Infection in Russia.

Currently, more than 500,000 cases of various helminthes in humans are reported annually in the Russian Federation. This figure may not reflect the true incidence of helminthes, as only nine separate nosological forms are compulsory notifiable. The rest of the species of detected helminthes are included in a separate category of "other helminthes" or "rare helminthes".

[Risk factors associated with the development of the main subtypes of ischemic stroke in men aged 45 to 74 years].

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with the development of the main subtypes of IS in men aged 45 to 74 years.

Material And Methods: The study included 380 men, aged 45 to 74 years, including 247 inpatients with a diagnosis of IS in the area of the carotid artery (main group) and 133 patients with a diagnosis of chronic cerebral ischemia, stage I-II (comparison group). To build multivariate predictive models to assess the influence of risk factors on the development of the main subtypes of IS, the method of logistic regression with stepwise exclusion of variables according to the Wald algorithm was used.

Ratiometric Singlet Oxygen Sensor Based on BODIPY-DPA Dyad.

Compounds sensitive to reactive oxygen species are widely used in the study of processes in living cells and in the development of therapeutic agents for photodynamic therapy. In the present work, we have synthesized a dyad in which the BODIPY dye is chemically bound to 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA). Here, DPA acts as a specific sensor of singlet oxygen and BODIPY as a reference dye.

[Ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19-associated multiple mononeuropathy of the cranial nerves (clinical observation)].

Clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus infection can vary greatly and affect different organs and systems. Despite the lack of convincing data on the possible direct damage to the structures of the eyeball by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, indirect involvement of the organ of vision both in the acute period of the disease, during the period of convalescence, and as a part of the post-COVID syndrome is common in clinical practice. The condition of the ocular surface is not given much attention during the treatment of the main disease, especially in severe cases, which can lead to serious complications and visual acuity loss after recovery.

[Prevention of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation from the point of view of a neurologist. Standards and real clinical practice].

The article outlines aspects of the current state of the problem of the priority choice of an oral anticoagulant for indefinite prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The advantages of direct oral angicoagulants over warfarin are presented, as well as a comparative analysis of the individual characteristics of the main direct oral angicoagulants from the point of view of personification of preventive therapy in accordance with modern treatment standards. The efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulant therapy has been reviewed in terms of the net clinical benefit.

[Chronic musculoskeletal pain in degenerative changes of the spine in young and middle-aged patients].

Objective: To identify clinical and laboratory indicators associated with the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome in young and middle-aged patients with degenerative changes of the spine.

Material And Methods: The study included 103 patients (59 women and 44 men) with a mean age 42 [36; 47] years with chronic musculoskeletal back pain. To verify degenerative changes of the spine, MRI was performed using Magnetom Symphony (Siemens; Germany), Magnetom Verio (Siemens; Germany) devices.

[Iron deficiency in Russia heart failure patients. Observational cross-sectional multicenter study].

Aim    To evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in Russian patients with heart failure (HF).Material and methods    Iron metabolism variables were studied in 498 (198 women, 300 men) patients with HF. Data were evaluated at admission for HF (97 %) or during an outpatient visit (3 %).

Global Climate Change and Human Dirofilariasis in Russia.

Human dirofilariasis is a vector-borne helminth disease caused by two species of : and . The vectors of the helminth are mosquitoes in the family Culicidae. The definitive hosts of are dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats.

FLIM-Based Intracellular and Extracellular pH Measurements Using Genetically Encoded pH Sensor.

The determination of pH in live cells and tissues is of high importance in physiology and cell biology. In this report, we outline the process of the creation of SypHerExtra, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor that is capable of measuring extracellular media pH in a mildly alkaline range. SypHerExtra is a protein created by fusing the previously described pH sensor SypHer3s with the neurexin transmembrane domain that targets its expression to the cytoplasmic membrane.

[Current opportunities for secondary prevention of atherothrombotic stroke].

The article is devoted to an urgent medical and social problem - secondary prevention of atherothrombotic stroke and contains current evidence on the use of combined antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. In the COMPASS study, the dual-pathway thrombosis inhibition scheme using rivaroxaban in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) compared with ASA monotherapy demonstrated in patients with established atherosclerotic diseases of the circulatory system, a decrease in the total risk of stroke, death from cardiovascular causes and myocardial infarction by 24%; reduced risk of recurrent stroke by 67%. The incidence of repeated ischemic stroke (IS) in the combination therapy group was 1.

Impact of glutathione on acute ischemic stroke severity and outcome: possible role of aminothiols redox status.

Objective: Acute brain ischemia is accompanied by a disruption of low-molecular-weight aminothiols (LMWTs) homeostasis, such as homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH). We investigated the redox balance of LMWTs in blood plasma and its influence on ischemic stroke severity and the functional outcome in patients with an acute period.

Patients And Methods: A total of 177 patients were examined.

[Thrombosis and anatomic variants of intracranial dural venous sinuses].

A rather large number of different anatomic variants of intracranial dural venous sinuses are known, and they are found so often that interpreting them only as anomalies is unlikely, except for variations such as sinus aplasia or doubling, which can be attributed to anomalies of the venous system. Diameter reduction (hypoplasia) of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses is observed relatively often. In cases of dural sinuses anomalies, sinuses on the contralateral side are necessarily evaluated as the main source of compensation.

[Current view on Blastocystis species: clinical forms, diagnosis and treatment].

The symptomatic form of Blastocystis spp. infection not only with mild diarrhea or dysentery-like syndrome, but also with the development of severe ulcerative necrotic lesions of the intestine. Meanwhile, the pathogenicity of these microorganisms should not be exaggerated, due to majority asymptomatic cases or infection transmission with minor impaired bowel function.

[Chronic pelvic pain syndrome in women: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (PPS) refers to pain of three to six months duration (or longer) that occurs below the umbilicus. PPS is considered a form of chronic regional pain syndrome or functional somatic pain syndrome. Multimodal ollaborative and patient-centered approach is critical component of treatment for women with CPPS.

[Chronic cerebrovascular diseases and neuroprotection: the clinical efficacy of meldonium (Mildronat)].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of meldonium (mildronat) in patients with chronic cerebral vascular disease (CVD).

Material And Methods: An open comparative study of the clinical efficacy of meldonium (mildronat) in patients with chronic CVD caused by arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis was conducted. The main group included 30 (60%) patients who were prescribed meldonium (mildronat) at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to routine basic therapy.

[Aminothiols in blood plasma at different subtypes of ischemic stroke].

Objective: To evaluate the hemostasis of plasma aminothiols in different subtypes of ischemic stroke (IS).

Material And Methods: The study included 177 patients, aged 62 (55-68) years, admitted in the first 8-24 hours since IS onset. The pathogenetic subtype of IS was clarified according to the results of clinical and instrumental examination by the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria.