Actions versus Words: Exploring the contributions of working memory and motoric coding in children's instruction following using a dual-task paradigm.

Previous research in adults has showed that physical performance (i.e., enactment) of instructions at recall leads to better memory compared to verbal recall and that this effect does not rely solely on Working Memory resources.

Relationship Between Intra-Abdominal pressure and microaspiration of gastric contents in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients.

The relationship between increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and microaspiration of oro-gastric content in mechanically-ventilated patients has not yet been established. Microaspiration is proposed as one of the causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). We aimed to investigate whether mechanically-ventilated patients with increased IAP present evidence of lung microaspiration by assessing pepsin levels in bronchial secretions and evaluated the relationship between pepsin and VAP.

Colupulone, colupone and novel deoxycohumulone geranyl analogues as larvicidal agents against Culex pipiens.

Background: As climate change proceeds, the management of the population of mosquitoes becomes more and more challenging. Insect adulticides and larvicides constitute significant control techniques, with the latter being considered the leading mosquito control method. However, the development of mosquito resistance development and the adverse side effects caused by the extensive use of synthetic insecticides have turned research towards the discovery of environmentally-friendly solutions.

Investigating the underlying mechanisms of the enactment effect: The role of action-object bindings in aiding immediate memory performance.

Previous research has established that enacted action-object phrases lead to superior immediate memory performance compared with purely verbal memory. In the current investigation, Experiment 1 examined how enactment separately affects immediate memory for actions and objects in 24 adults by presenting action-object phrases and asking participants to recall either the actions or the objects presented in correct serial order. The results showed that when employed at presentation, enactment led to superior recall performance compared with verbal repetition, but this effect was significant only for memory for actions and not objects.

Hyponatremia in Acute Stroke Patients: Pathophysiology, Clinical Significance, and Management Options.

Background: Hyponatremia is frequent in acute stroke patients, and it is associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality.

Summary: Nonstroke-related causes of hyponatremia include patients' comorbidities and concomitant medications, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and thiazides. During hospitalization, "inappropriate" administration of hypotonic solutions, poor solute intake, infections, and other drugs, such as mannitol, could also lower sodium levels in patients with acute stroke.

Lipoprotein particles in patients with pediatric Cushing disease and possible cardiovascular risks.

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) complications are the most significant cause of mortality in adults with Cushing disease (CD); little is known about CV risk factors in children with CD. Measurement of lipoprotein particles by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a novel technology to assess CV risk. The objective of the current study is to analyze the NMR lipid profile in pediatric CD patients before and 1 year after remission.

Significant Weight Loss in a Patient Taking Olmesartan: An Unusual Case Report.

Objective: Olmesartan-induced enteropathy consists a syndrome that mimics celiac disease both clinically and histologically. Cases of this entity have sporadically been reported since 2012 and are usually characterized by severe diarrhea and malabsorption, followed by significant weight loss.

Case Report: Herein, we report an uncommon case of this syndrome, where weight loss preceded several months the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Early changes of the heat-shock protein 60 to 70 ratio as prediction of miscarriage in pregnancy.

Problem: To study the balance of circulating heat shock protein (HSP)60 and HSP70 in pre-term delivery.

Method Of Study: A two-stage approach was used. At first stage, we run retrospective analysis of prospective collected clinical data, and at a second stage, we studied an animal model of pre-term delivery (PTD).

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Presents Early in Childhood but Often Is Undiagnosed for Years.

We describe the presenting symptoms and signs of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B in a cohort of children. Improved awareness of the early nonendocrine signs of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B could lead to earlier diagnosis before the development of medullary thyroid cancer and possibly its metastasis.

Pheochromocytoma in Children and Adolescents With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B.

Context: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is characterized by early-onset medullary thyroid cancer in virtually all cases and a 50% lifetime risk of pheochromocytoma (PHEO) development. The literature on PHEO in patients with MEN2B is limited with most data being reported from adult studies that primarily address MEN2A.

Objective: The aim of the current study is to describe PHEO development in a cohort of pediatric patients with MEN2B.

Children with MEN1 gene mutations may present first (and at a young age) with Cushing disease.

Objective: Cushing disease (CD) is a rare entity caused by ACTH-secreting pituitary tumours, leading to prolonged hypercortisolism. Most cases are sporadic but can rarely occur in the context of familial predisposition, due to germline mutations in genes such as MEN1, leading to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, MEN1. We have reported previously that CD can be the first and only presenting manifestation of MEN1.

Irreversible Primary Amenorrhea Secondary to Uterine Damage and Premature Ovarian Failure in 2 Patients with Ewing Sarcoma.

Background: The long-term morbidity of childhood cancer survivors is an emerging field as more patients are now expected to live through adulthood.

Case: We describe 2 adolescent patients with permanent premature ovarian failure and failure of endometrium to respond to estrogen after they received a combination of chemotherapy and pelvic radiation for metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Both girls were prepubertal at diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma.

Uric acid and cardiovascular risk: What genes can say.

Background: Although the relationship of elevated serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease has been established in a great number of studies, the causal relevance of this finding remains ambiguous. An approach to evaluate the causal relevance of biomarkers is to exploit the natural randomised allocation of allelic variation in genes affecting their level, also known as Mendelian randomisation.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to review the current literature regarding serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular and renal disease risk in Mendelian randomisation studies.

Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions.

Decreased serum sodium concentration is a rather frequent electrolyte disorder in the elderly population because of the presence of factors contributing to increased antidiuretic hormone, the frequent prescription of drugs associated with hyponatremia and also because of other mechanisms such as the "tea and toast" syndrome. The aim of this review is to present certain challenges in the evaluation and treatment of hyponatremia in the elderly population and provide practical solutions. Hyponatremia in elderly subjects is mainly caused by drugs (more frequently thiazides and antidepressants), the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIAD) or endocrinopathies; however, hyponatremia is multifactorial in a significant proportion of patients.