Conceptual study on extraction of formic acid from the electrolyte after electroreduction of CO: Desalination and dehydration using a high-silica chabazite zeolite membrane.

Here, we propose a two-step pervaporation system with a high-silica CHA (chabazite) membrane, which has sufficient resistance to water and acid, to demonstrate the extraction and condensation of the formic acid formed by electroreduction of CO. The kinetic diameters of water and formic acid are similar and smaller than the pore size of CHA, while the hydrated electrolyte ions (e.g.

Permeation behavior of porphyrin derivatives with different functional group positions across cancer cell membranes.

Porphyrin, which shows selective accumulation in cancer cells, has attracted attention as a drug carrier. The influences of the functional porphyrin positions (β- and meso-positions) on porphyrin accumulation must be understood. In this work, we focused on the investigation of the phenyl functional group whose β-position influences cancer cell accumulation through direct membrane permeation and endocytosis.

Enhanced degradation of ibuprofen using a combined treatment of plasma and Fenton reactions.

Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) proved to be effective in the degradation of hazardous organic impurities like acids, dyes, antibiotics etc. in the last few decades. AOTs are mainly based on the generation of reactive chemical species (RCS) such as hydroxyl, superoxide radicals etc.

Cancer cell growth suppressibility of ω-3 fatty acid whose carboxy group converted to ester group.

Recently, ω-3 fatty acids have been revealed to having cancer cell growth suppressibility. It is necessary to analyze the mechanism of cancer cell growth suppressibility and to impart selective cancer cell accumulation when creating anticancer drugs based on ω-3 fatty acids. Therefore, it is necessarily essential to introduce a luminescent molecule or a molecule which have a drug delivery function into ω-3 fatty acids, and the position of introduction is the ω-3 fatty acids' carboxyl group.

Evaluation of Cancer Cell Growth Suppressibility of ω-3 Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites.

According to current research, cancer cell growth is suppressed by ω-3 fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids. On the other hand, ω-3 fatty acids are metabolized to bioactivities in vivo. A systematic evaluation of the ability of ω-3 fatty acids and their metabolites to suppress cancer cell growth has not been sufficiently conducted.

Interactions between pH, reactive species, and cells in plasma-activated water can remove algae.

Lightning strikes cause nitrogen to dissolve in water and form reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, which form natural fertilizers that can be absorbed through plant roots. Such processes during rainstorm events can be simulated by applying plasma to a solution. Plasma-activated water (PAW) has great potential as a source of various dissolved reactive chemical species.

Evaluation of the Correlation between Porphyrin Accumulation in Cancer Cells and Functional Porphyrin Positions of the Phenyl Group.

Porphyrin selectively shows tumour accumulation and has attracted attention as a carrier molecule for drug delivery systems (DDS). Porphyrin has two functional sites termed the meso- and β-positions. In previous work, meso-porphyrin derivatives with an alkyl group were found to exhibit greater accumulation in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

Complete decomposition of sulfamethoxazole during an advanced oxidation process in a simple water treatment system.

A simple water treatment system consisting of a deep UV light (λ = 222 nm) source, a mesoporous TiO/boron-doped diamond (BDD) photocatalyst, and a BDD electrode was prepared and used to decompose sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in an advanced oxidation process. The mesoporous TiO/BDD photocatalyst used with the electrochemical treatment promoted SMX decomposition, but the mesoporous TiO/BDD photocatalyst alone had a similar ability to decompose SMX as photolysis. Fragments produced through photocatalytic treatment were decomposed during the electrochemical treatment and fragments produced during the electrochemical treatment were decomposed during the photocatalytic treatment, so performing the electrochemical and photocatalytic treatments together effectively decomposed SMX and decrease the total organic carbon concentration to a trace.

Evaluation of the correlation between porphyrin accumulation in cancer cells and functional positions for application as a drug carrier.

Porphyrin derivatives accumulate selectively in cancer cells and are can be used as carriers of drugs. Until now, the substituents that bind to porphyrins (mainly at the meso-position) have been actively investigated, but the effect of the functional porphyrin positions (β-, meso-position) on tumor accumulation has not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the functional position of substituents and the accumulation of porphyrins in cancer cells using cancer cells.

Correlations between functional porphyrin positions and accumulation in cancer cells.

Porphyrin is accumulated in tumours due to its interaction with protein. Cancer therapy with porphyrin as a carrier molecule is attracting attention. Porphyrin displays two functional sites termed β- and meso-positions.

Synergetic effect in water treatment with mesoporous TiO/BDD hybrid electrode.

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have a wide potential window and can produce ozone by water electrolysis at high voltage. Though ozone has strong oxidative power (standard oxidation potential: 2.07 V NHE), it cannot decompose certain types of recalcitrant organic matter completely.

Boron-doped Nanodiamond as an Electrode Material for Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitors.

Herein, a conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities. The BDND is obtained by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) on a nanodiamond particle substrate with a primary particle size of 4.7 nm via microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition, followed by heat treatment in air.

Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂/Boron-Doped Diamond Photocatalyst and Its Photocatalytic Activity under Deep UV Light (λ = 222 nm) Irradiation.

There is a need for highly efficient photocatalysts, particularly for water purification. In this study, we fabricated a mesoporous TiO₂ thin film on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) layer by a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method, in which self-assembled amphiphilic surfactant micelles were used as an organic template. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform mesopores, approximately 20 nm in diameter, that were hexagonally packed in the TiO₂ thin film.

Solution Plasma Process-Derived Defect-Induced Heterophase Anatase/Brookite TiO Nanocrystals for Enhanced Gaseous Photocatalytic Performance.

We report a simple room-temperature synthesis route for increasing the reactivity of a TiO photocatalyst using a solution plasma process (SPP). Hydrogen radicals generated from the SPP chamber interact with the TiO photocatalyst feedstock, transforming its crystalline phase and introducing oxygen vacancy defects. In this work, we examined a pure anatase TiO as a model feedstock because of its photocatalytic attributes and well-characterized properties.

Lyoprotective Effect of Alkyl Sulfobetaines for Freeze-drying 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Liposomes.

A liposome is a molecular assembly in the form of a vesicle comprised of a phospholipid bilayer. Liposomes can be used as molecular containers in various fields such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. It is difficult to maintain the original structure of liposomes in an aqueous medium.

Comparison of Carboxybetaine with Sulfobetaine as Lipid Headgroup Involved in Intermolecular Interaction between Lipids in the Membrane.

Diacylglycerides (DAGs) constitute an important category of lipids owing to their ability to form a lipid membrane, which can be used in a wide variety of biomedical applications. DAGs often include a zwitterionic polar headgroup that can influence the properties of the lipid membrane (e.g.

Platinum Nanoparticle-embedded Porous Diamond Spherical Particles as an Active and Stable Heterogeneous Catalyst.

Platinum nanoparticle-embedded porous diamond spherical particles (PtNP@PDSPs), as an active and stable catalyst, were fabricated by spray-drying of an aqueous slurry containing nanodiamond (ND) particles, platinum nanoparticles (PtNP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form ND/PtNP/PEG composite spherical particles, followed by removal of PEG and a short-time diamond growth on the surface. The average diameter of the PtNP@PDSPs can be controlled in the range of 1-5 μm according to the spray-drying conditions. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and average pore diameter of the PtNP@PDSPs were estimated to be ca.

A Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species Sensor Fabricated from an Electrode Modified with a Polymerized Iron Porphyrin and a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane.

We have developed an electrochemical reactive oxygen/nitrogen species sensor that can detect superoxide anion radicals (O) and nitric oxide (NO). The reactive oxygen/nitrogen species sensor was fabricated by surface modification of an electrode with polymerized iron tetrakis(3-thienyl)porphyrin (FeT3ThP), and it can detect either O or NO by switching the applied potential. Furthermore, we fabricated a sensor with improved selectivity by coating a Nafion film onto the poly(FeT3ThP)-modified electrode.

Real-time monitoring of superoxide anion radical generation in response to wounding: electrochemical study.

Background: The growth and development of plants is deleteriously affected by various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Wounding in plants is caused by exposure to environmental stress, mechanical stress, and via herbivory. Typically, oxidative burst in response to wounding is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide anion radical (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO) and singlet oxygen; however, few experimental studies have provided direct evidence of their detection in plants.

Development of Electrochemical Oxygen Demand Measurement Cells Using a Diamond Electrode.

Electrolytic cells for electrochemical oxygen demand (ECOD) measurements based on total electrolytic decomposition at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode were developed for rapid measurement of organic pollutants at low concentrations. Using improved electrolytic cells designed for efficient mass transfer, the ECOD for 10 μM potassium hydrogen phthalate (theoretical ECOD: 2.3 mg-O L) was determined in a relatively short electrolysis time.

Boron-doped diamond semiconductor electrodes: Efficient photoelectrochemical CO reduction through surface modification.

Competitive hydrogen evolution and multiple proton-coupled electron transfer reactions limit photoelectrochemical CO reduction in aqueous electrolyte. Here, oxygen-terminated lightly boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films were synthesized as a semiconductor electron source to accelerate CO reduction. However, BDD alone could not stabilize the intermediates of CO reduction, yielding a negligible amount of reduction products.

DNase γ, DNase I and caspase-activated DNase cooperate to degrade dead cells.

Serum endonucleases are essential for degrading the chromatin released from dead cells and preventing autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Serum DNase I is known as the major endonuclease, but recently, another endonuclease, DNase γ/DNase I-like 3, gained attention. However, the precise role of each endonuclease, especially that of DNase γ, remains unclear.

Intermolecular Interaction between Phosphatidylcholine and Sulfobetaine Lipid: A Combination of Lipids with Antiparallel Arranged Headgroup Charge.

Intermolecular interactions between lipid molecules are important when designing lipid bilayer interfaces, which have many biomedical applications such as in drug delivery vehicles and biosensors. Phosphatidylcholine, a naturally occurring lipid, is the most common lipid found in organisms. Its chemical structure has a negatively charged phosphate linkage, adjacent to an ester linkage in a glycerol moiety, and a positively charged choline group, placed at the terminus of the molecule.

Dispersion of Vesicles Composed of Industrially Produced Alkyl (Oligo) Glucoside Using Diol-Boron Complexation.

Alkyl (oligo)glucosides (AOG) are known to be environmentally compatible amphiphiles whose commercial applicability should be broadened. The present paper describes the preparation of molecular assemblies of industrially produced AOG, which is a mixture composed of different length of alkyl chains (C9-C12) with oligoglucoside moiety with a few (1-3) of glucose units. It was also described that regulation of the dispersibility of the molecular assemblies prepared by diol-boron complexation between the sugar moiety on AOG and boric acid in a dispersion medium.