Sites of flexor-pronator muscle injury and relationship between ulnar collateral ligament injury and flexor-pronator muscle injury in baseball players: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and flexor-pronator muscle (FPM) injuries are common in baseball players. However, the sites of FPM injuries and the relationship between UCL and FPM injuries in baseball players have not been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to identify the sites of FPM injuries and to determine the relationships of location and severity of UCL injury with the presence of FPM injuries in baseball players.

A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Conservative Treatment With Trunk Stabilization Exercise to Standard Hip Muscle Exercise for Treating Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of conservative management of women with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) using trunk stabilization.

Design: Randomized controlled trial (level of evidence: I).

Subjects: Twenty FAI female patients who met the inclusion FAI criteria.

Hip Arthroscopic Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation for Treating Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Femoral Head.

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the femoral head is not a common source of hip pain. Hip arthroscopy is becoming a more frequent indication for intra-articular pathologies of the hip. Osteochondral autologous transplantation is a promising technique that theoretically can reconstruct osteochondral lesions of the femoral head.

Homeostasis of hyaluronic acid in normal and scarred vocal folds.

Objectives/hypothesis: Vocal fold scarring is one of the most challenging laryngeal disorders to treat. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the main component of lamina propria, and it plays an important role in proper vocal fold vibration and is also thought to be important in fetal wound healing without scarring. Although several animal models of vocal fold scarring have been reported, little is known about the way in which HA is maintained in vocal folds.

Flt-1 tyrosine kinase-deficient homozygous mice result in decreased trabecular bone volume with reduced osteogenic potential.

To clarify the role of Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1) signaling in bone dynamics, we examined C57BL/6J mice, aged 6, 9 and 16 weeks, with disruption of the flt1 tyrosine kinase domain gene (flt1(TK-/-)) and compared with age-matched wild-type (flt1(TK+/+)) mice. Dynamic histomorphometric analysis confirmed a significant decrease in the values of mineralizing surface (MS/BS), mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) in the trabecular bone of the proximal tibiae of flt1(TK-/-) mice compared with those in flt1(TK+/+) mice. The value of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) was also significantly reduced in flt1(TK-/-) mice compared with that in flt1(TK+/+) mice.

Perspectives on mechanisms of gene regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its receptor.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) functions as a systemic signal in vertebrate organisms to control the expression of genes whose products are vital to the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. This regulatory capability is mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which localizes at DNA sites adjacent to the promoter regions of target genes and initiates the complex events necessary for transcriptional modulation. Recent investigations using chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques combined with various gene scanning methodologies have revealed new insights into the location, structure and function of these regulatory regions.

The human transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 distal promoter contains multiple vitamin D receptor binding sites that mediate activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal cells.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) (ECAC2, CaT1) is the major ion channel in intestinal epithelial cell membranes responsible for calcium entry. Its expression is actively regulated at the transcriptional level by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]. In this report, we identify mechanisms integral to the regulation of TRPV6 by 1,25-(OH)2D3.

Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed along with its receptors during the healing process of bone and bone marrow after drill-hole injury in rats.

In this study, we investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA along with its receptors in the healing process following rat femoral drill-hole injury. The cellular events involved in the differential expression of VEGF were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Abundant alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoprogenitor cells were present in the bone marrow cavity surrounding the wound region at day 3.

[Regulation of bone mass for skeletal loading].

Skeletal loading plays an important role in the maintenance of bone mass, bone shape and bone strength. Skeletal unloading, such as during space flight and long-term bed rest, induces bone loss in loaded bones in humans. The mechanotransduction system in bone tissue is not fully elucidated.

Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in skeletal adaptation to acute increases in mechanical loading.

To clarify the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulation of bone metabolism in response to skeletal loading, we examined inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene knockout mice in the tail-suspension model. Histomorphometric analyses of proximal tibias revealed that 7 days of tail suspension decreased the bone volume (BV/TV) and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) and increased the osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) in mice with all iNOS genotypes.