Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 gene-deficiency attenuates the inhibitory effect of 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid on vascular permeability in mice.

We investigated whether an anti-inflammatory lipid metabolite named 5,6-DiHETE reduces vascular permeability by inhibiting TRPV4 channels in vivo. In wild-type (WT) mice, histamine-induced dye extravasation was reduced by pre-administration of 5,6-DiHETE. In TRPV4-deficient mice, extravasation and histamine-induced edema were already reduced, and 5,6-DiHETE had no additional effect.

Thermosensation and TRP Channels.

Somatosensory neurons can sense external temperature by converting sensation of temperature information to neural activity via afferent input to the central nervous system. Various populations of somatosensory neurons have specialized gene expression, including expression of thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Thermosensitive TRP channels are responsible for thermal transduction at the peripheral ends of somatosensory neurons and can sense a wide range of temperatures.

Structural basis of TRPV1 inhibition by SAF312 and cholesterol.

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) plays a central role in pain sensation and is thus an attractive pharmacological drug target. SAF312 is a potent, selective, and non-competitive antagonist of TRPV1 and shows promising potential in treating ocular surface pain. However, the precise mechanism by which SAF312 inhibits TRPV1 remains poorly understood.

Functional relationship between peripheral thermosensation and behavioral thermoregulation.

Thermoregulation is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms because temperature affects essentially all biochemical and physiological processes. Effector responses to internal and external temperature cues are critical for achieving effective thermoregulation by controlling heat production and dissipation. Thermoregulation can be classified as physiological, which is observed primarily in higher organisms (homeotherms), and behavioral, which manifests as crucial physiological functions that are conserved across many species.

Involvement of TRPV4 in temperature-dependent perspiration in mice.

Reports indicate that an interaction between TRPV4 and anoctamin 1 (ANO1) could be widely involved in water efflux of exocrine glands, suggesting that the interaction could play a role in perspiration. In secretory cells of sweat glands present in mouse foot pads, TRPV4 clearly colocalized with cytokeratin 8, ANO1, and aquaporin-5 (AQP5). Mouse sweat glands showed TRPV4-dependent cytosolic Ca increases that were inhibited by menthol.

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of TRPV3: Insights into thermosensation, channel modulation, and skin homeostasis involving TRPV3.

Recent insights reveal the significant role of TRPV3 in warmth sensation. A novel finding elucidated how thermosensation is affected by TRPV3 membrane abundance that is modulated by the transmembrane protein TMEM79. TRPV3 is a warmth-sensitive ion channel predominantly expressed in epithelial cells, particularly skin keratinocytes.

Structural Pharmacology of TRPV4 Antagonists.

The nonselective calcium-permeable Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member4 (TRPV4) channel regulates various physiological activities. Dysfunction of TRPV4 is linked to many severe diseases, including edema, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, lung diseases, and inherited neurodegeneration. Emerging TRPV4 antagonists show potential clinical benefits.

G protein-coupled receptor-based thermosensation determines temperature acclimatization of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Animals must sense and acclimatize to environmental temperatures for survival, yet their thermosensing mechanisms other than transient receptor potential (TRP) channels remain poorly understood. We identify a trimeric G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), SRH-40, which confers thermosensitivity in sensory neurons regulating temperature acclimatization in Caenorhabditis elegans. Systematic knockdown of 1000 GPCRs by RNAi reveals GPCRs involved in temperature acclimatization, among which srh-40 is highly expressed in the ADL sensory neuron, a temperature-responsive chemosensory neuron, where TRP channels act as accessorial thermoreceptors.

Thermal gradient ring for analysis of temperature-dependent behaviors involving TRP channels in mice.

There are a lot of temperature-sensitive proteins including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Some TRP channels are temperature receptors having specific activation temperatures in vitro that are within the physiological temperature range. Mice deficient in specific TRP channels show abnormal thermal behaviors, but the role of TRP channels in these behaviors is not fully understood.

Avoidance of thiazoline compound depends on multiple sensory pathways mediated by TrpA1 and ORs in .

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are primary sensory molecules in animals and are involved in detecting a diverse range of physical and chemical cues in the environments. Considering the crucial role of TRPA1 channels in nocifensive behaviors and aversive responses across various insect species, activators of TRPA1 are promising candidates for insect pest control. In this study, we demonstrate that 2-methylthiazoline (2MT), an artificial volatile thiazoline compound originally identified as a stimulant for mouse TRPA1, can be utilized as a novel repellent for fruit flies, .

Involvement of skin TRPV3 in temperature detection regulated by TMEM79 in mice.

TRPV3, a non-selective cation transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, is activated by warm temperatures. It is predominantly expressed in skin keratinocytes, and participates in various somatic processes. Previous studies have reported that thermosensation in mice lacking TRPV3 was impaired.

Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 in Taste Nerve Contributes to the Sense of Sweet Taste in Mice.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play a significant role in taste perception. TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is present in the afferent sensory neurons and is activated by food-derived ingredients, such as Japanese horseradish, cinnamon, and garlic. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of TRPA1 in taste buds, and determine its functional roles in taste perception using TRPA1-deficient mice.

Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 channel contributes to the bitter aftertaste perception of quinine.

Bitterness is an important physiological function in the defense responses to avoid toxic foods. The taste receptor 2 family is well known to mediate bitter taste perception in Type II taste cells. Here, we report that the polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 (PKD2L1) channel is a novel sensor for the bitter aftertaste in Type III taste cells.

Roles of TRPM4 in immune responses in keratinocytes and identification of a novel TRPM4-activating agent.

The skin is a protective interface between the internal organs and environment and functions not only as a physical barrier but also as an immune organ. However, the immune system in the skin is not fully understood. A member of the thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family, TRPM4, which acts as a regulatory receptor in immune cells, was recently reported to be expressed in human skin and keratinocytes.

TRPV3-ANO1 interaction positively regulates wound healing in keratinocytes.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) belongs to the TRP ion channel super family and functions as a nonselective cation channel that is highly permeable to calcium. This channel is strongly expressed in skin keratinocytes and is involved in warmth sensation, itch, wound healing and secretion of several cytokines. Previous studies showed that anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, was activated by calcium influx through TRPV1, TRPV4 or TRPA1 and that these channel interactions were important for TRP channel-mediated physiological functions.

Molecular logic of salt taste reception in special reference to transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4).

The taste is biologically of intrinsic importance. It almost momentarily perceives environmental stimuli for better survival. In the early 2000s, research into taste reception was greatly developed with discovery of the receptors.

Endocannabinoids produced in photoreceptor cells in response to light activate TRP channels.

phototransduction is a model for signaling cascades that culminate in the activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels. TRP and TRPL are the canonical TRP (TRPC) channels that are regulated by light stimulation of rhodopsin and engagement of Gα and phospholipase Cβ (PLC). Lipid metabolite(s) generated downstream of PLC are essential for the activation of the TRPC channels in photoreceptor cells.

Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 Thr738 counteracts the effect of cytosolic Ca and elevates the temperature threshold.

The transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) channel is a non-selective cation channel that has high Ca permeability. TRPM2 is sensitive to warm temperatures and is expressed in cells and tissues that are maintained at core body temperature. TRPM2 activity is also regulated by endogenous factors including redox signalling, cytosolic Ca and adenosine diphosphate ribose.

Evolutionary Tuning of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Underlies the Variation in Heat Avoidance Behaviors among Frog Species Inhabiting Diverse Thermal Niches.

Environmental temperature is a critical factor for all forms of life, and thermal tolerance defines the habitats utilized by a species. Moreover, the evolutionary tuning of thermal perception can also play a key role in habitat selection. Yet, the relative importance of thermal tolerance and perception in environmental adaptation remains poorly understood.

Single amino acids set apparent temperature thresholds for heat-evoked activation of mosquito transient receptor potential channel TRPA1.

Animals detect heat using thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In insects, these include TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which in mosquitoes is crucial for noxious heat avoidance and thus is an appealing pest control target. However, the molecular basis for heat-evoked activation has not been fully elucidated, impeding both studies of the molecular evolution of temperature sensitivity and rational design of inhibitors.