Evaluation of objective and subjective binocular ocular refraction with looking in type.

Background: This study aimed to compare the results of the Chronos binocular/monocular refraction system, that measures objective and subjective ocular refraction in one unit, to objective findings obtained from a conventional autorefractometer and a conventional subjective ocular refraction using a trial-frame in real space.

Methods: Twenty-eight healthy volunteers (21.2 ± 1.

Objective evaluation of visual fatigue in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of visual fatigue in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) using the binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) test.

Methods: Fourteen patients with IXT (32.1 ± 16.

Comparison of visual fatigue caused by head-mounted display for virtual reality and two-dimensional display using objective and subjective evaluation.

This study aimed to evaluate objective and subjective visual fatigue experienced before and after performing a visual task while using a head-mounted display for virtual reality (VR-HMD) and two-dimensional (2D) display. Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) was measured using a binocular open-view Shack-Hartmann wavefront aberrometer equipped with liquid crystal shutters. Twelve healthy subjects performed the BFM test and completed a questionnaire regarding subjective symptoms before and after performing a visual task that induces low visually induced motion sickness (VIMS).

ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations promote leukaemogenesis by repressing TGFβ pathway genes through histone deacetylation.

Mutations in ASXL1 and SETBP1 genes have been frequently detected and often coexist in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We previously showed that coexpression of mutant ASXL1 and SETBP1 in hematopoietic progenitor cells induced downregulation of TGFβ pathway genes and promoted the development of MDS/AML in a mouse model of bone marrow transplantation. However, whether the repression of TGFβ pathway in fact contributes to leukaemogenesis remains unclear.

Expression of mutant Asxl1 perturbs hematopoiesis and promotes susceptibility to leukemic transformation.

() is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Although loss of ASXL1 promotes hematopoietic transformation, there is growing evidence that mutations might confer an alteration of function. In this study, we identify that physiological expression of a C-terminal truncated Asxl1 mutant in vivo using conditional knock-in (KI) results in myeloid skewing, age-dependent anemia, thrombocytosis, and morphological dysplasia.

Objective Evaluation of Visual Fatigue Using Binocular Fusion Maintenance.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether an individual's visual fatigue can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively from their ability to maintain binocular fusion.

Methods: Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) was measured using a custom-made binocular open-view Shack-Hartmann wavefront aberrometer equipped with liquid crystal shutters, wherein eye movements and wavefront aberrations were measured simultaneously. Transmittance in the liquid crystal shutter in front of the subject's nondominant eye was reduced linearly, and BFM was determined from the transmittance at the point when binocular fusion was broken and vergence eye movement was induced.

A novel ASXL1-OGT axis plays roles in H3K4 methylation and tumor suppression in myeloid malignancies.

ASXL1 plays key roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression through methylation of histone H3K27, and disruption of ASXL1 drives myeloid malignancies, at least in part, via derepression of posterior HOXA loci. However, little is known about the identity of proteins that interact with ASXL1 and about the functions of ASXL1 in modulation of the active histone mark, such as H3K4 methylation. In this study, we demonstrate that ASXL1 is a part of a protein complex containing HCFC1 and OGT; OGT directly stabilizes ASXL1 by O-GlcNAcylation.

[Clinical analysis of chronic myeloid leukemia patients complicated with chronic kidney impairment during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors].

Since the long-term safety profile of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy has not been well characterized, we investigated renal impairment in 50 CML patients treated with TKI in our institute. During the median follow up period of 63 months, 29% of patients developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) gradually declined, it dropped most markedly in the first 2 years after starting TKI.

Truncation mutants of ASXL1 observed in myeloid malignancies are expressed at detectable protein levels.

Recent progress in deep sequencing technologies has revealed many novel mutations in a variety of genes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Most of these mutations are thought to be loss-of-function mutations, with some exceptions, such as the gain-of-function IDH1/2 and SRSF2 mutations. Among the mutations, ASXL1 mutations attract much attention; the ASXL1 mutations are identified in a variety of hematologic malignancies and always predicts poor prognosis.

[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with normal serum lactate dehydrogenase level].

We herein report two cases of AIHA (autoimmune hemolytic anemia), a 25-year-old woman and a 77-year-old man, who presented with normal serum LDH values. Though in these two cases, low hemoglobin and haptoglobin, high total bilirubin and positive direct Coombs' test results led to the diagnosis of AIHA, both patients had normal LDH levels (218 and 187 IU/l). Both cases were successfully treated with prednisone.

Novel working hypothesis for pathogenesis of hematological malignancies: combination of mutations-induced cellular phenotypes determines the disease (cMIP-DD).

Recent progress in high-speed sequencing technology has revealed that tumors harbor novel mutations in a variety of genes including those for molecules involved in epigenetics and splicing, some of which were not categorized to previously thought malignancy-related genes. However, despite thorough identification of mutations in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, how these mutations induce cell transformation still remains elusive. In addition, each tumor usually contains multiple mutations or sometimes consists of multiple clones, which makes functional analysis difficult.

Evaluation of actual retinal images produced by misaligned aspheric intraocular lenses in a model eye.

Purpose: To examine the effect of misalignment (decentration and tilt) of intraocular lenses (IOLs) on retinal image quality using a water-immersed model eye with corneal spherical aberration adjusted to the values found in normal human eyes (spherical aberration 0.25 μm; pupil diameter 6 mm).

Methods: Three types of IOL holders were prepared.

The molecular basis of myeloid malignancies.

Myeloid malignancies consist of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). The latter two diseases have preleukemic features and frequently evolve to AML. As with solid tumors, multiple mutations are required for leukemogenesis.

Higher-order aberrations of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in patients with keratectasia after LASIK.

Purpose: We investigated higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in patients with keratectasia after LASIK.

Methods: The subjects comprised four groups: 12 eyes with keratectasia after LASIK, 30 eyes following LASIK without keratectasia, 30 keratoconic eyes, and 30 normal eyes. Corneal HOAs due to the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces for 6-mm pupils (root mean square [μm]) were obtained using a Scheimpflug-based corneal tomographer and compared among the four groups.

Four discriminant models for detecting keratoconus pattern using Zernike coefficients of corneal aberrations.

Purpose: We compared the ability of four discriminant models to detect keratoconus (KC) using Zernike coefficients of corneal aberrations.

Methods: We studied 51 eyes with KC, 46 with KC suspect, 50 after laser in situ keratomileusis, and 65 normal eyes. Four statistical discriminant analyses-linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, Mahalanobis distance method, and neural network method-were performed using Zernike coefficients of corneal aberrations obtained by a Placido-based topographer.

Characteristic higher-order aberrations of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in 3 corneal transplantation techniques.

Purpose: To investigate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in eyes that underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Design: Retrospective, case-control study.

Methods: study population: Twenty-four eyes underwent PK, 28 eyes underwent DALK, and 19 eyes underwent DSAEK; 29 normal eyes served as controls.

Higher-order aberrations due to the posterior corneal surface in patients with keratoconus.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate higher-order aberrations (HOAs) due to the posterior corneal surface in keratoconic eyes compared with normal eyes.

Methods: We studied 24 normal and 28 keratoconic eyes. The anterior/posterior corneal heights and pachymetric data were obtained with a rotating Scheimpflug camera.