Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with metronidazole in Japanese patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection: A phase 3, multicentre, open-label study.

Background: This phase 3 open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in Japanese patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs).

Methods: Hospitalised adults with cIAI received ceftazidime-avibactam + metronidazole for 5-14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical cure at the test-of-cure (TOC) visit in the clinically evaluable (CE) analysis set.

Reproductive Seasonality, Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and the Recurrence of Postpartum Estrus Based on Long-Term Profiles of Fecal Sex Steroid Hormone Metabolites regarding Zoo-Housed Female Golden Takins ().

This study investigates the non-invasive monitoring of the endocrine ovarian activities of captive female golden takins () based on long-term fecal sex steroid hormone metabolite dynamics. Fecal progesterone (P) metabolite dynamics were monitored in nine females for 0.5-15 years between 2004 and 2022.

Numerical simulation of flow behavior in basilar bifurcation computed tomography angiography.

In this study, a moving boundary deformation model based on four-dimensional computed tomography angiography (4D-CTA) with high temporal resolution is constructed, and blood flow dynamics of cerebral aneurysms are investigated by numerical simulation. A realistic moving boundary deformation model of a cerebral aneurysm was constructed based on 4D-CTA in each phase. Four hemodynamic factors (wall shear stress [WSS], wall shear stress divergence [WSSD], oscillatory shear index [OSI], and residual residence time [RRT]) were obtained from numerical simulations, and these factors were evaluated in basilar artery aneurysms.

Adult cerebral high-grade glioneuronal tumor with perivascular or pseudopapillary growth co-existing with low-grade tumor: a case report.

An unusual, small cell-predominant, high-grade glioneuronal tumor in the occipital lobe of a 49-year-old man that co-existed with a low-grade tumor is reported. The tumor consisted of two distinct components: the major component was a dense proliferation of primitive small cells showing bidirectional neuronal and glial differentiation; and the minor component consisted of a proliferation of well-differentiated astrocytes intermingled with mature neuronal cells. In the former component, perivascular pseudorosette-like or pseudopapillary growth reminiscent of ependymoma or papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT), respectively, was prominent, and hypertrophic astrocytic cells were located just outside the central blood vessels.

Modeling and hexahedral meshing of cerebral arterial networks from centerlines.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation provides valuable information on blood flow from the vascular geometry. However, it requires extracting precise models of arteries from low-resolution medical images, which remains challenging. Centerline-based representation is widely used to model large vascular networks with small vessels, as it encodes both the geometric and topological information and facilitates manual editing.

Elongation of the proximal descending thoracic aorta and associated hemodynamics increase the risk of acute type B aortic dissection.

Background: Acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD) is a life-threatening aortic disease. However, little information is available on predicting and understanding of ATBAD.

Objective: The study sought to explore the underlying mechanism of ATBAD by analyzing the morphological and hemodynamic characteristics related to aortic length.

Effects of helical centerline stent vs. straight stent placement on blood flow velocity.

As an approach to maintain patency in femoropopliteal stenting, a helical stent configuration was proposed, which showed improved patency in clinical trials. However, the effects of helical stent placement on the flow have not been quantitatively analyzed. The purpose of this study was to estimate flow velocities to quantify the influence of helical stent placement.

Migration of endothelial cells on the surface of anodized Ni-Ti stent strut.

Background: Stent is widely regarded as the main treatment for curing cardiovascular diseases such as stenosis. Previous research has revealed that the damage of endothelial cells (EC), i.e.

Development of Ultrasound Phantom Made of Transparent Material: Feasibility of Optical Particle Image Velocimetry.

Objective: The need for ultrasound flow phantoms to validate ultrasound systems requires the development of materials that can clearly visualize the flow inside for measurement purposes.

Methods: A transparent ultrasound flow phantom material composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water solution manufactured using the freezing method and mixed with quartz glass powder to exhibit scattering effects is proposed. To achieve transparency of the hydrogel phantom, the refractive index (RI) was changed to match that of the glass by modifying the PVA concentration and the ratio of DMSO to water in the solvent.

Reactive hyperplasia of vascular pericytes in meningioma: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of two cases.

An isolated proliferation of pericytes is a unique vascular reaction seen almost exclusively in the stroma of secretory meningioma. We report the results of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of a pericytic proliferation that was found in two cases of meningioma (a secretory meningioma of the sphenoid ridge and a parasagittal atypical meningioma showing predominantly fibroblastic features). Pericytes had hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm, and showed stratification or formed small clusters within the walls of small blood vessels.

A Software to Visualize, Edit, Model and Mesh Vascular Networks.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a key tool for a wide range of research areas, beyond the computer science community. In particular, CFD is used in medicine to measure blood flow from patient specific models of arteries. In this field, the creation of accurate meshes remains the most challenging step, as it is based on the segmentation of medical images, a time-consuming task which often requires manual intervention by medical doctors.

Coupled discrete phase model and Eulerian wall film model for numerical simulation of respiratory droplet generation during coughing.

Computational fluid dynamics is widely used to simulate droplet-spreading behavior due to respiratory events. However, droplet generation inside the body, such as the number, mass, and particle size distribution, has not been quantitatively analyzed. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative characteristics of droplet generation during coughing.

A Review of Functional Analysis of Endothelial Cells in Flow Chambers.

The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the functions, methods involving seeding endothelial cells as a layer in a chamber were studied.

A Parametric Study of Flushing Conditions for Improvement of Angioscopy Visibility.

During an angioscopy operation, a transparent liquid called dextran is sprayed out from a catheter to flush the blood away from the space between the camera and target. Medical doctors usually inject dextran at a constant flow rate. However, they often cannot obtain clear angioscopy visibility because the flushing out of the blood is insufficient.

Esophageal Intramural Pseudodiverticulosis: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of 2 Cases.

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) is a rare disorder characterized by an abnormal, cyst-like dilatation of the excretory ducts of esophageal submucosal glands. We aimed to elucidate the histopathological features and immunohistochemical properties of the epithelial lining of the cyst-like lesions in EIPD. We performed a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 2 cases (one autopsy and one surgical) of EIPD.

Disseminated mucormycosis with protracted clinical course and formation of a large intra-ventricular mural thrombus.

We report the autopsy findings of a case of disseminated mucormycosis caused by , a rare pathogenic fungus of the family . The patient was a 49-year-old woman with B-lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperdiploidy, who died of progressive heart failure 4 months after induction chemotherapy successfully brought about complete remission of the leukemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) had been administered along with anti-neoplastic drugs, and her blood neutrophil count was markedly elevated.

Endothelial Cell Distribution After Flow Exposure With Two Stent Struts Placed in Different Angles.

Stent implantation has been a primary treatment for stenosis and other intravascular diseases. However, the struts expansion procedure might cause endothelium lesion and the structure of the struts could disturb the blood flow environment near the wall of the blood vessel. These changes could damage the vascular innermost endothelial cell (EC) layer and pose risks of restenosis and post-deployment thrombosis.

Flush Flow Behaviour Affected by the Morphology of Intravascular Endoscope: A Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study.

Whilst intravascular endoscopy can be used to identify lesions and assess the deployment of endovascular devices, it requires temporary blockage of the local blood flow during observation, posing a serious risk of ischaemia. To aid the design of a novel flow-blockage-free intravascular endoscope, we explored changes in the haemodynamic behaviour of the flush flow with respect to the flow injection speed and the system design. We first constructed the computational models for three candidate endoscope designs (, Model A, B, and C).

Tanezumab for chronic low back pain: a long-term, randomized, celecoxib-controlled Japanese Phase III safety study.

This trial investigated long-term (56-week treatment/24-week follow-up) use of subcutaneous tanezumab (5 or 10 mg every 8 weeks) or oral celecoxib (200 mg/day) in Japanese patients with chronic low back pain. Tanezumab safety was consistent with previous studies, except overall adverse events (tanezumab 5 mg = 63.0%, tanezumab 10 mg = 54.

Finite element analysis of the mechanical performance of a zinc alloy stent with the tenon-and-mortise structure.

Background: Inadequate scaffolding performance hinders the clinical application of the biodegradable zinc alloy stents.

Objective: In this study we propose a novel stent with the tenon-and-mortise structure to improve its scaffolding performance.

Methods: 3D models of stents were established in Pro/E.