Anthocyanins as potent inhibitors of pentosidine synthesis: Antioxidant-mediated effects.

Pentosidine (PEN), an advanced glycation end product (AGE), is associated with various age-related diseases and schizophrenia. This study aimed to identify the natural compounds that inhibit PEN synthesis from glucuronic acid using an in vitro system. A screening of 93 natural compounds revealed 47 that reduced PEN synthesis by > 50 %, with eight inhibiting it by > 80 %.

Behavioral Dysfunctions Caused by Pyridoxamine Deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster.

Pyridoxamine (PM) is one of the natural vitamins B6 (VB6) and functions as an endogenous inhibitor for the formation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). The AGEs are implicated in aging, diabetes, and various neuropsychiatric disease, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. However, it is unclear whether the absence of PM per se accumulates AGEs in vivo and causes behavioral dysfunctions.

The origin of esterase activity of Parkinson's disease causative factor DJ-1 implied by evolutionary trace analysis of its prokaryotic homolog HchA.

DJ-1, a causative gene for hereditary recessive Parkinsonism, is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Structural analyses of DJ-1 and its homologs suggested the 106th Cys is a nucleophilic cysteine functioning as the catalytic center of hydratase or hydrolase activity. Indeed, DJ-1 and its homologs can convert highly electrophilic α-oxoaldehydes such as methylglyoxal into α-hydroxy acids as hydratase in vitro, and oxidation-dependent ester hydrolase (esterase) activity has also been reported for DJ-1.

Efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab in bio-naïve patients with Crohn's disease.

Background And Study Aims: The infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 was the first biosimilar drug targeting tumor necrosis factor-α. However, its efficacy and safety in real-world clinical situations have remained insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of CT-P13 in bio-naïve patients with Crohn's disease.

A case of recurrent follicular cholangitis leading to decompensated cirrhosis after left-sided hepatectomy.

Follicular cholangitis (FC) is a rare non-neoplastic biliary tract disease first reported in 2003. A 74-year-old woman underwent extended left hepatectomy with a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen demonstrated no malignant findings, and lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicles was observed within the bile duct wall.

Association of homocysteine with white matter dysconnectivity in schizophrenia.

Several studies have shown white matter (WM) dysconnectivity in people with schizophrenia (SZ). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and WM microstructure in people with SZ using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Efficacy of combination therapy with unkeito and boiogito for menopausal arthralgia: A retrospective observational study.

Context: Arthralgia affects menopausal patients.

Aim: Here, we report a retrospective observational study evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of unkeito and boiogito for menopausal arthralgia.

Settings And Design: Patients treated with a combination of unkeito and boiogito for menopausal arthralgia between April 2020 and October 2022 at three Japanese Kampo outpatient clinics were retrospectively examined.

Glucuronic acid is a novel source of pentosidine, associated with schizophrenia.

Pentosidine (PEN) is an advanced glycation end-product (AGEs), where a fluorescent cross-link is formed between lysine and arginine residues in proteins. Accumulation of PEN is associated with aging and various diseases. We previously reported that a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia showed PEN accumulation in the blood, having severe clinical features.

Primary Hepatic Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders After Methotrexate Therapy.

Prior reports described cases of lymphoproliferative diseases occurring after methotrexate (MTX) administration, which are called methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX-LPDs). It has become clear that these lymphoproliferative diseases also occur following treatment with other immunosuppressive drugs, and they have been termed as other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPDs). In most of these cases, the duration of immunosuppressive drugs is very long, on the order of years.

A Novel Long Noncoding RNA in Osteocytes Regulates Bone Formation through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

The vast majority of transcribed RNAs are noncoding RNAs. Among noncoding RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which contain hundreds to thousands of bases, have received attention in many fields. The vast majority of the constituent cells in bone tissue are osteocytes, but their regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood.

Variation in the rate of detection of minute and small early gastric cancers at diagnostic endoscopy may reflect the performance of individual endoscopists.

Objective: The documented variation in gastric cancer (GC) detection among endoscopists has often been dismissed as a coincidental artefact of the low incidence of gastric neoplasms; it is not considered associated with differences in physicians' performance of the esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure. This study is to confirm whether significant variations among endoscopists in early GC detection suggest the individual performance of the upper endoscopy.

Design: A retrospective observational study at a single centre in Japan assessed the results of 218 early GCs detected during 25 688 routine esophagogastroduodenoscopies by 12 endoscopists.

Structural aging of human neurons is opposite of the changes in schizophrenia.

Human mentality develops with age and is altered in psychiatric disorders, though their underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we analyzed nanometer-scale three-dimensional structures of brain tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex from eight schizophrenia and eight control cases. The distribution profiles of neurite curvature of the control cases showed a trend depending on their age, resulting in an age-correlated decrease in the standard deviation of neurite curvature (Pearson's r = -0.

Sequential administration of PD‑1 inhibitor and cetuximab causes pneumonia.

Severe drug-induced lung injury (DLI) has been reported to be associated with sequential administration of osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, following a programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor. However, the relationship of sequential treatment with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody and PD-1 inhibitor with the risk of DLI remains to be elucidated. The present study conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of a total of 179 patients with head and neck cancer who had received treatment with cetuximab and/or a PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) at Chiba University Hospital (Chiba, Japan) between September 2014 and December 2020.

Carcinogenic potential in regenerated mucosa after endoscopic resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background And Aim: Little is known about genetic mutations in the regenerated mucosa (RM) after endoscopic resection (ER) of esophageal carcinoma. Thus, this study investigates the status of genetic variation in RM after ER of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: The study cohort included 19 patients with ESCC.