The effects of lactulose on constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease: An exploratory pilot study.

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with reduced quality of life in patients with PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactulose on defecation status in patients with PD.

Methods: In this open-label, single-center, exploratory pilot study, twenty-nine patients with PD received lactulose for three weeks for the treatment of constipation.

The Hospital Frailty Risk Score Predicts Poor Prognoses in Middle-Aged and Older Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan.

Objectives: Frailty risk may be associated with poor prognoses in acute pancreatitis patients. However, this has not been shown with adjustments for prognosis-related factors. This study aimed to determine whether frailty risk is associated with poor prognoses in acute pancreatitis patients, even after adjusting for prognosis-related factors.

Germanium- and tin-bridged diazulenylmethyl cations: effects of group 14 elements on the structure and properties of π-extended cations.

Diazulenylmethyl cations bridged with a germanium and tin moiety were synthesized. In these cations, the nature of these elements has impacts on the chemical stability and photophysical properties. Upon aggregation, these cations exhibit absorption bands in the near-infrared region, which are slightly blue-shifted compared to those of silicon-bridged congeners.