genomes reveal Paleolithic human migration to the east end of Asia.

A virulence bacterium, , evolved parallel to its host human, therefore, can work as a marker for tracing the human migration. We found . strains indigenous in the southernmost islands of Japanese Archipelago, Okinawa, and defined them as hspOkinawa and hpRyukyu.

Same Locus for Non-shattering Seed Pod in Two Independently Domesticated Legumes, and .

Loss of pod shattering is one of the most important domestication-related traits in legume crops. The non-shattering phenotypes have been achieved either by disturbed formation of abscission layer between the valves, or by loss of helical tension in sclerenchyma of endocarp, that split open the pods to disperse the seeds. During domestication, azuki bean () and yard-long bean ( cv-gr.

Genome-wide mutation analysis of after inoculation to Mongolian gerbils.

Background: is a pathogenic bacterium that causes various gastrointestinal diseases in the human stomach. is well adapted to the human stomach but does not easily infect other animals. As a model animal, Mongolian gerbils are often used, however, the genome of the inoculated may accumulate mutations to adapt to the new host.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus paracasei EG9, a Strain Accelerating Free Amino Acid Production during Cheese Ripening.

EG9 is a strain isolated from well-ripened cheese and accelerates free amino acid production during cheese ripening. Its complete genome sequence was determined using the PacBio RS II platform, revealing a single circular chromosome of 2,927,257 bp, a G+C content of 46.59%, and three plasmids.

Complete Genome Sequence of Petrimonas sp. Strain IBARAKI, Assembled from the Metagenome Data of a Culture Containing Dehalococcoides spp.

The complete genome sequence of sp. strain IBARAKI in a -containing culture was determined using the PacBio RS II platform. The genome is a single circular chromosome of 3,693,233 nucleotides (nt), with a GC content of 44%.

Isolation and genomic characterization of a Dehalococcoides strain suggests genomic rearrangement during culture.

We have developed and characterized a bacterial consortium that reductively dechlorinates trichloroethene to ethene. Quantitative PCR analysis for the 16S rRNA and reductive dehalogenase genes showed that the consortium is highly enriched with Dehalococcoides spp. that have two vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase genes, bvcA and vcrA, and a trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase gene, tceA.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Intracellular Bacterial Symbiont TC1 in the Anaerobic Ciliate Trimyema compressum.

A free-living ciliate, Trimyema compressum, found in anoxic freshwater environments harbors methanogenic archaea and a bacterial symbiont named TC1 in its cytoplasm. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the TC1 symbiont, consisting of a 1.59-Mb chromosome and a 35.

Gene expression analysis of disabled and re-induced isoprene emission by the tropical tree Ficus septica before and after cold ambient temperature exposure.

Isoprene is the most abundant type of nonmethane, biogenic volatile organic compound in the atmosphere, and it is produced mainly by terrestrial plants. The tropical tree species Ficus septica Burm. F.

Heterogeneous composition of key metabolic gene clusters in a vent mussel symbiont population.

Chemosynthetic symbiosis is one of the successful systems for adapting to a wide range of habitats including extreme environments, and the metabolic capabilities of symbionts enable host organisms to expand their habitat ranges. However, our understanding of the adaptive strategies that enable symbiotic organisms to expand their habitats is still fragmentary. Here, we report that a single-ribotype endosymbiont population in an individual of the host vent mussel, Bathymodiolus septemdierum has heterogeneous genomes with regard to the composition of key metabolic gene clusters for hydrogen oxidation and nitrate reduction.

First Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 (DSM 50071T), Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology.

The first complete genome sequence of the type strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 (DSM 50071(T)) was determined in a single contig by PacBio RS II. The genome (6,317,050 bp, G+C content of 66.52%) contained 10 sets of >1,000-bp identical sequence pairs and 183 tandem repeats.

Complete Genome Sequences of Low-Passage Virulent and High-Passage Avirulent Variants of Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans Serovar Manilae Strain UP-MMC-NIID, Originally Isolated from a Patient with Severe Leptospirosis, Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology.

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of low-passage virulent and high-passage avirulent variants of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans serovar Manilae strain UP-MMC-NIID, a major causative agent of leptospirosis. While there were no major differences between the genome sequences, the levels of base modifications were higher in the avirulent variant.

First Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium sporogenes DSM 795T, a Nontoxigenic Surrogate for Clostridium botulinum, Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology.

The first complete genome sequence of Clostridium sporogenes DSM 795(T), a nontoxigenic surrogate for Clostridium botulinum, was determined in a single contig using the PacBio single-molecule real-time technology. The genome (4,142,990 bp; G+C content, 27.98%) included 86 sets of >1,000-bp identical sequence pairs and 380 tandem repeats.

Genome sequence determination and metagenomic characterization of a Dehalococcoides mixed culture grown on cis-1,2-dichloroethene.

A Dehalococcoides-containing bacterial consortium that performed dechlorination of 0.20 mM cis-1,2-dichloroethene to ethene in 14 days was obtained from the sediment mud of the lotus field. To obtain detailed information of the consortium, the metagenome was analyzed using the short-read next-generation sequencer SOLiD 3.

First Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain ATCC 13311 (NCTC 74), a Reference Strain of Multidrug Resistance, as Achieved by Use of PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology.

We report the first complete genomic sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain ATCC 13311, the leading food-borne pathogen and a reference strain used in drug resistance studies. De novo assembly with PacBio sequencing completed its chromosome and one plasmid.

Complete Genome Sequences of Eight Helicobacter pylori Strains with Different Virulence Factor Genotypes and Methylation Profiles, Isolated from Patients with Diverse Gastrointestinal Diseases on Okinawa Island, Japan, Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology.

We report the complete genome sequences of eight Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Okinawa, Japan. Whole-genome sequencing and DNA methylation detection were performed using the PacBio platform. De novo assembly determined a single, complete contig for each strain.

Characterization and antifungal activity of gazyumaru (Ficus microcarpa) latex chitinases: both the chitin-binding and the antifungal activities of class I chitinase are reinforced with increasing ionic strength.

Three chitinases, designated gazyumaru latex chitinase (GLx Chi)-A, -B, and -C, were purified from the latex of gazyumaru (Ficus microcarpa). GLx Chi-A,-B, and -C are an acidic class III (33 kDa, pI 4.0), a basic class I (32 kDa, pI 9.