A case report of robot-assisted radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy in a patient with renal cell carcinoma after pembrolizumab and axitinib combination therapy.

Background: Robot-assisted surgery is widely performed for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombi. Although many chemotherapeutic options are available for the treatment of unresectable RCC, there are very few reports on robot-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN) with inferior vena cava thrombectomy (IVCT) after presurgical treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We believe that pre-surgical treatment can provide minimally invasive surgical benefits to high-risk patients during the perioperative period.

Validation of the Japanese version of the Social Functioning in Dementia scale and COVID-19 pandemic's impact on social function in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia.

Objectives: We aimed to psychometrically evaluate and validate a Japanese version of the Social Functioning in Dementia scale (SF-DEM-J) and investigate changes in social function in people with dementia during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design: We interviewed people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia and their caregivers during June 2020-March 2021 to validate patient- and caregiver-rated SF-DEM-J and compared their scores at baseline (April 2020 to May 2020) and at 6-8 months (January 2021 to March 2021) during a time of tighter COVID-19 restrictions.

Setting: The neuropsychology clinic in the Department of Psychiatry at Osaka University Hospital and outpatient clinic in the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology at Daini Osaka Police Hospital, Japan.

Normalized Power Variance: A new Field Orthogonal to Power in EEG Analysis.

To date, electroencephalogram (EEG) has been used in the diagnosis of epilepsy, dementia, and disturbance of consciousness via the inspection of EEG waves and identification of abnormal electrical discharges and slowing of basic waves. In addition, EEG power analysis combined with a source estimation method like exact-low-resolution-brain-electromagnetic-tomography (eLORETA), which calculates the power of cortical electrical activity from EEG data, has been widely used to investigate cortical electrical activity in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the recently developed field of mathematics "information geometry" indicates that EEG has another dimension orthogonal to power dimension - that of normalized power variance (NPV).

Structure-based drug design of novel and highly potent pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDHKs) are fascinating drug targets for numerous diseases, including diabetes and cancers. In this report, we describe the result of our structure-based drug design from tricyclic lead compounds that led to the discovery of highly potent PDHK2 and PDHK4 dual inhibitors in enzymatic assay. The C3-position of the tricyclic core was explored, and the PDHK2 X-ray structure with a representative compound revealed a novel ATP lid conformation in which the phenyl ring of Phe326 mediated the interaction of the Arg258 sidechain and the compound.

Stereoselective Construction of 2,7-Disubstituted fused-Bis Tetrahydrofuran Skeletons: Biomimetic-Type Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (±)- and (-)-Aplysiallene and Their Derivatives.

A series of trans/trans and cis/cis fused-bis tetrahydrofuran compounds have been obtained stereoselectively in high yields via a one-pot operation involving the intramolecular haloetherification of (Z,Z)-diene diol 19a and (E,E)-diene disilylether 19d, respectively. This method was subsequently applied to the biomimetic-type synthesis of (±)- and (-)-aplysiallene. The inhibitory activities of these compounds and their bromodiene isomers toward Na(+)/K(+) ATPase were determined in vitro, and gave IC50 values of approximately 15 μM in all cases.