Prognostic value of residual disease (RD) biology and gene expression changes during the neoadjuvant treatment in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC).

Background: In HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC), we investigated tumor and immune changes during neoadjuvant treatment and their impact on residual disease (RD) biology and prognostic implications across 4 neoadjuvant studies of trastuzumab with or without lapatinib, and with or without chemotherapy: CALGB 40601, PAMELA, NeoALTTO and NSABP B-41.

Patients And Methods: We compared tumor and immune gene expression changes during neoadjuvant treatment and their association with with event-free survival (EFS) by uni- and multivariable Cox regression models in different cohorts and timepoints: 452 RD samples at baseline including 169 with a paired RD, and biomarker changes during neoadjuvant therapy, evaluating model performance via the c-index.

Results: Analysis of 169 paired tumor samples revealed a shift in intrinsic subtype proportions from HER2-Enriched at baseline (50.

Long short-term memory algorithm for personalized tacrolimus dosing: A simple and effective time series forecasting approach post-lung transplantation.

Background: Management of tacrolimus trough levels (TTLs) influences morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Several studies have explored pharmacokinetic and artificial intelligence models to monitor tacrolimus levels. However, many models depend on a wide range of variables, some of which, like genetic polymorphisms, are not commonly tested for in regular clinical practice.

Real-World Comparative Analysis of Trastuzumab Originator and Biosimilars: Safety, Efficacy, and Cost Effectiveness.

Background: Despite the global use of trastuzumab biosimilars, concerns remain regarding their efficacy and safety. In particular, when used concurrently with pertuzumab, trastuzumab biosimilars lack extensive real-world data and safety information. Additionally, as cancer drug expenditures continue to rise worldwide, cost savings from biosimilars have become increasingly important.

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast: a literature review.

Background And Objective: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast (PBA) is an extremely rare and heterogeneous disease. PBA is difficult to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. In order to better understand the disease and provide evidence-based treatment for PBA patients, a review of the published literature in the English language was conducted.

Machine Learning to Improve Accuracy of Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop models for predicting total serum bilirubin by correcting errors of transcutaneous bilirubin using machine learning based on neonatal biomarkers that could affect spectrophotometric measurements of tissue bilirubin.

Methods: This retrospective study included infants born at our hospital (≥36 weeks old, ≥2,000 g) between January 2020 and December 2022. Infants without a phototherapy history were included.

Long-term survival of the Sister Mary Joseph nodule originating from breast cancer: A case report.

Background: A Sister Mary Joseph nodule (SMJN) is an uncommon cutaneous metastasis found in the umbilicus, indicating an advanced malignancy. SMJNs typically originate from intra-abdominal sources, rarely from breast cancer. Diagnosis suggests a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 8 mo after detection.

A case of ovarian carcinosarcoma with a germline pathogenic variant of BRCA2 involving a perforated appendix with an abscess.

We report a case of rare and aggressive ovarian carcinosarcoma with a germline pathogenic BRCA2 variant. A patient with a history of breast cancer who developed an inflammatory ovarian tumor with peritonitis carcinomatosis involving the appendix suffered from cachexia. Following three cycles of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy, emergency surgery was required owing to sepsis.

Development of a Detection System for Mutations in Circulating Tumour DNA Using PNA-LNA-Mediated PCR Clamping.

Although circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a less invasive method for assessing mutations that are essential mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance in patients with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, adequate amounts of DNA are required to assess polyclonal mutations. By combining a peptide nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamping assay, we have developed a novel detection system to screen for polyclonal mutations in ctDNA. A validation assay was prospectively performed on clinical samples and compared with the NGS results.

High expression of folate receptor alpha is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.

Objective: Folate receptor α (FRα) is a membrane protein expressed in various solid tumors but has limited expression in normal cells. Therefore, FRα is an attractive target for cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FRα expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of cervical cancer.

Case report: Response to platinum agents and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor in a patient with BRCA1 c.5096G>A (R1699Q) intermediate-risk variant.

Background: BRCA1 c.5096G>A (p. Arg1699Gln) (hereinafter BRCA1 R1699Q) is classified as a pathogenic genetic variant despite its lower penetrance of breast and ovarian cancers compared to other BRCA1 variants.

Poor Treatment Outcomes with Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Synovial Sarcoma.

Introduction: Synovial sarcoma (SS) predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Doxorubicin with or without ifosfamide therapy is the standard first-line treatment for unresectable or metastatic SS. However, there is no standard second-line chemotherapy regimen.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for patients with metastatic or recurrent breast cancer treated using capecitabine: a retrospective study.

Background: Eribulin or capecitabine monotherapy is the next cytotoxic chemotherapy option for patients with metastatic or recurrent breast cancer who have previously received an anthracycline or a taxane. However, it is unclear what factors can guide the selection of eribulin or capecitabine in this setting, and prognostic factors are needed to guide appropriate treatment selection. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor for eribulin-treated patients, although it is unclear whether it is a prognostic factor for capecitabine-treated patients.

Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA in Advanced Rare Cancers.

Purpose: Patients with advanced/relapsed rare cancers have few treatment options. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA in plasma may identify actionable genomic biomarkers using a non-invasive approach.

Patients And Methods: Rare cancer patients underwent prospective plasma-based NGS testing.

Clinical management and outcomes associated with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin plus mitotane treatment in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a single institute experience.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive disease that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. There is no standard treatment for metastatic ACC; EDP-M (etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin plus mitotane) is one treatment option. A randomized controlled trial (FIRM-ACT) evaluating the efficacy of EDP-M showed progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.

Impact of ALK Inhibitors in Patients With -Rearranged Nonlung Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase () rearrangement is a well-known driver oncogene in non-small-cell lung cancer and has also been identified in other types of tumors. However, there is limited evidence on the clinical response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as alectinib and crizotinib, in rare tumors with ALK fusion. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of ALK-TKIs in rare -rearranged tumors.

FOXA1 and adaptive response determinants to HER2 targeted therapy in TBCRC 036.

Inhibition of the HER2/ERBB2 receptor is a keystone to treating HER2-positive malignancies, particularly breast cancer, but a significant fraction of HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers recur or fail to respond. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, like trastuzumab or pertuzumab, and ATP active site inhibitors like lapatinib, commonly lack durability because of adaptive changes in the tumor leading to resistance. HER2+ cell line responses to inhibition with lapatinib were analyzed by RNAseq and ChIPseq to characterize transcriptional and epigenetic changes.

Independent Validation of the PAM50-Based Chemo-Endocrine Score (CES) in Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2-Based Therapy.

Purpose: We do not yet have validated biomarkers to predict response and outcome within hormone receptor-positive/HER2-positive (HR+/HER2+) breast cancer. The PAM50-based chemo-endocrine score (CES) predicts chemo-endocrine sensitivity in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. Here, we evaluate the relationship of CES with response and survival in HR+/HER2+ breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy promotes the expression of HER3 in patients with ovarian cancer.

HER3 (erbB3) signaling serves an important role in the development and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer, and is activated by chemotherapy. To evaluate the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and other clinical factors on the expression of HER3, as well as to examine its role as a prognostic marker, the present study evaluated archived tissues from patients who underwent surgery for ovarian cancer between 2011 and 2018 at our hospital. Immunohistochemical staining for HER3 was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens and biopsy samples.

Survival outcomes in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive metastatic breast cancer administered a therapy following trastuzumab emtansine treatment.

Since 2013, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has been widely used in Japan to treat patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who were previously administered trastuzumab and a taxane. However, there is no information about the treatment outcomes after exposure to T-DM1 in Japanese patients with HER2-positive MBC. In this study, we aimed to describe the survival outcomes of patients with HER2-positive MBC who received a treatment following T-DM1 and clarify the predictive factors of their prognosis.

HER3 protein expression as a risk factor for post-operative recurrence in patients with early-stage adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix.

Patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) have a poorer prognosis than those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (HER3) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and its expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis in several cancer types, including SCC of the cervix. As there is limited information on the prognostic value of HER3 for AC and ASC of the cervix, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression of HER3 and its impact on post-operative recurrence in patients with AC and ASC of the cervix.