A retrospective analysis of patient-specific factors on voriconazole clearance.

Background: Voriconazole concentrations display a large variability, which cannot completely be explained by known factors. We investigated the relationships of voriconazole concentration with patient-specific variables and concomitant medication to identify clinical factors affecting voriconazole clearance.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of voriconazole trough concentration, laboratory data, and concomitant medication in patients was performed.

Heat shock transcription factor HSF1 regulates the expression of the Huntingtin-interacting protein HYPK.

Background: The Huntingtin-interacting protein HYPK possesses chaperone-like activity. We hypothesized that the expression of HYPK could be regulated by heat shock factor HSF1, a transcriptional regulator of chaperone genes.

Methods: HYPK expression in HeLa cells was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.

The proto-oncogene JUN is a target of the heat shock transcription factor HSF1.

The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) participates in many aspects of cell physiology, such as cellular proliferation, transformation, and death. AP-1 is a dimeric complex that primarily contains Jun and Fos family members. Here, we report that JUN is a target of heat shock transcription factor HSF1.

Stress-induced transcription of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) by heat shock transcription factor HSF1.

Expression of the RGS2 gene modulates RGS2 activity toward G protein-coupled signaling in diverse cellular processes. In this study, RGS2 transcription was induced in HeLa and rat aorta smooth muscle cells by exposure to febrile temperatures or proteotoxic stress. The promoter region of RGS2 contained a binding sequence of HSF1, which is an activator of the heat shock protein gene, and was inducibly bound by stress-activated HSF1.

Evolutionarily conserved domain of heat shock transcription factor negatively regulates oligomerization and DNA binding.

Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) regulates the expression of genes encoding molecular chaperones and stress-responsive proteins. Conversion of HSF from a monomer to a homotrimer or heterotrimer is essential for its binding to heat shock elements (HSEs) comprised of inverted repeats of the pentamer nGAAn. Here, we constructed various human HSF1 derivatives and analyzed their transcriptional activity through the continuously and discontinuously arranged nGAAn units.

[School-refusal and social-withdrawal in the clinical setting at a psychiatric medical institution].

Fifty two outpatients, who showed signs of school-refusal-withdrawal at the Shiga Prefectural Psychiatric Institution have been analyzed according to their age, gender, ICD-10 diagnosis, medical evolution, and total number of consultations. A total of 61.5% of the population were male, and they showed a higher average and a wider range of age than female patients.