Antimicrobial Effects of Blueberry, Raspberry, and Strawberry Aqueous Extracts and their Effects on Virulence Gene Expression in Vibrio cholerae.

The antimicrobial effects of aqueous extracts of blueberry, raspberry, and strawberry on 13 pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were determined before and after neutralization to pH 7.03 ± 0.

Antiviral effects of persimmon extract on human norovirus and its surrogate, bacteriophage MS2.

Unlabelled: Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis and foodborne illnesses worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of persimmon extract (PE) on NoV GII.4 and bacteriophage MS2.

Two novel retron elements are replaced with retron-Vc95 in Vibrio cholerae.

Bacterial reverse transcriptase (RT) is responsible for the production of an RNA-DNA complex called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). The genetic element required for the sysnthesis of msDNA is named a retron. Here, we characterize two novel retrons named retron-Vc81 and retron-Vc137 in Vibrio cholerae.