Coplanar Electrowetting-Induced Droplet Detachment from Radially Symmetric Electrodes.

This work demonstrates electrowetting-induced droplet detachment in air from coplanar electrodes using a single voltage pulse. It also presents two models to predict when this detachment will occur. Previous works approximated the minimum energy for detachment based on (i) adhesion work at the solid-liquid interface and (ii) interfacial energy changes along all three interfaces in the system.

Cleaning and Shaping Ability of Gentlefile, HyFlex EDM, and ProTaper Next Instruments: A Combined Micro-computed Tomographic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Introduction: This ex vivo study aimed to evaluate the cleaning and shaping ability of a unique stainless steel rotary system (Gentlefile; MedicNRG, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel) compared with 2 nickel-titanium rotary instruments.

Methods: Thirty human mandibular premolars with a 15° to 25° curvature were equally distributed into 3 groups for final instrumentation with Gentlefile Red (#23/0.04), HyFlex EDM OneFile (#25/0.

Comparison of Reading Growth Among Students With Severe Reading Deficits Who Received Intervention to Typically Achieving Students and Students Receiving Special Education.

This study compared the reading growth of students with and without learning disabilities, and students with and without reading deficits in response to tier 2 reading interventions within a response-to-intervention framework. Participants were 499 second- and third-grade students in six urban schools. Students who scored at or below the 10th percentile on the fall reading screening assessment were identified as having a severe reading deficit and received a tier 2 reading intervention that was targeted to their needs.

Omega-3 fatty acid therapy for cardiovascular disease: justified or not?

Purpose Of Review: To discuss the current evidence regarding the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.

Recent Findings: Combined results from randomized controlled trials using low-dosage (≤1.8 g/day of ethyl esters) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or EPA + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) suggest a small benefit for reducing coronary heart disease risk.

The factors related to decreases in masticatory performance and masticatory function until swallowing using gummy jelly in subjects aged 20-79 years.

Background: There is growing international interest in the prevention of decreased oral function for managing oral health in older people.

Objective: The aims of the present study were to identify factors related to decreases in masticatory performance and masticatory function until swallowing in subjects aged 20-79 years old.

Methods: A total of 152 subjects, ranging in age from 20 to 79 years, were divided into six groups according to their chronological age: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years.

Effects of substituting eggs for high-carbohydrate breakfast foods on the cardiometabolic risk-factor profile in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To assess effects of egg-based versus non-egg, higher-carbohydrate (CHO) breakfast meals on cardiometabolic health markers in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This randomized, crossover study included two 4-week dietary interventions, separated by a ≥4-week washout. Subjects incorporated into their habitual diets breakfast meals containing either 2 eggs/day for 6 days/week (Egg condition), or energy-matched, non-egg, higher-CHO-based foods (Non-Egg condition).

Adherence to national paediatric bronchiolitis management guidelines and impact on emergency department resource utilization.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the use of nonrecommended pharmacology (salbutamol and corticosteroids) per national bronchiolitis guidelines, either during the index visit or at discharge, and system utilization measures (frequency of return visits [RTED] and on paediatric emergency department [PED] length of stay [LOS]).

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective case control study of 185 infants (≤12 months old) who presented to the PED between December 2014 and April 2017 and discharged home with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Inclusion criteria included ≥ 1 viral prodromal symptom and ≥ 1 physical exam finding of respiratory distress.

Science dialogue mapping of knowledge and knowledge gaps related to the effects of dairy intake on human cardiovascular health and disease.

Dairy has been described as everything from a superfood to a poison; yet, arguments, assumptions, and data justifying these labels are not always clear. We used an issue-based information system, "dialogue mapping™," to summarize scientific points of a live panel discussion on the putative effects of dairy on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) from a day-long session among experts in nutrition and CVD. Dialogue mapping captures relations among ideas to explicitly, logically, and visually connect issues/questions, ideas, pro/con arguments, and agreements, even if discussed at different times.

The influence of a lipid reservoir on the tear film formation.

We present a mathematical model to study the influence of a lipid reservoir, seen experimentally, at the lid margin on the formation and relaxation of the tear film during a partial blink. Applying the lubrication limit, we derive two coupled non-linear partial differential equations characterizing the evolution of the aqueous tear fluid and the covering insoluble lipid concentration. Departing from prior works, we explore a new set of boundary conditions (BCs) enforcing hypothesized lipid concentration dynamics at the lid margins.

Functional Analysis of PTH1R Variants Found in Primary Failure of Eruption.

Although many variants of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) gene are known to be associated with primary failure of eruption (PFE), the mechanisms underlying the link remains poorly understood. We here performed functional analyses of variants reported in PFE patients-namely, 356C>T (P119L), 395C>T (P132L), 439C>T (R147C), and 1148G>A (R383Q)-using HeLa cells with a lentiviral vector-mediated genetic modification. Two particular variants, P119L and P132L, had severe reduction in a level of -linked glycosylation when compared with wild-type PTH1R, whereas the other 2 showed modest alteration.

Neonatal pain response to automatic lancet versus needle heel-prick blood sampling: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Automatic lancets have been reported to be superior to manual lancets in terms of pain and treatment time. However, no studies have yet been published comparing automatic lancet and needle puncture heel-prick blood sampling. The objective of this study was to compare the pain response and efficiency between the automatic lancet and needle at the time of heel blood sampling.

Potential Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Full-Fat Dairy: The Evidence Base.

Since their inception in 1980, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans have promoted low- or fat-free dairy foods. Removing fat from dairy does not reduce putatively beneficial nutrients per serving, including calcium, vitamin D, and potassium. Additionally, links between saturated fat and dietary cholesterol intakes with cardiovascular disease risk have helped to sustain the view that low-fat dairy foods should be recommended.

Plectin stabilizes microtubules during osteoclastic bone resorption by acting as a scaffold for Src and Pyk2.

Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells which maintain bone homeostasis by resorbing bone. During bone resorption, osteoclasts attach to the bone matrix via a sealing zone formed by an actin ring. Rous sarcoma oncogene (Src) is essential for actin ring formation and bone resorption.

A three-dimensional analysis of primary failure of eruption in humans and mice.

Objectives: Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a genetic disorder exhibiting the cessation of tooth eruption. Loss-of-function mutations in parathyroid hormone (PTH)/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor (PTH/PTHrP receptor, PPR) were reported as the underlying cause of this disorder in humans. We showed in a PFE mouse model that PTHrP-PPR signaling is responsible for normal dental follicle cell differentiation and tooth eruption.

National Lipid Association Scientific Statement on the use of icosapent ethyl in statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides and high or very-high ASCVD risk.

Representatives from the National Lipid Association (NLA) participated in the development of the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol, which reaffirmed that lifestyle changes and statin treatment are therapeutic cornerstones for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction. It also updated prior recommendations to incorporate newer data demonstrating ASCVD risk reduction with ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors as adjuncts to statin therapy for patients at high and very-high ASCVD risk. The 2018 Guideline was finalized shortly before full results were available from a randomized, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcomes trial [Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT)] that examined the effects of icosapent ethyl (IPE) 4 g/d on major adverse cardiovascular events in selected high- or very high-risk, statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides.

A national survey of school psychologists' practices in identifying specific learning disabilities.

This study examined the identification frameworks, specific models, and assessment practices used by school psychologists to identify students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in public schools in the United States. We surveyed school psychologist practitioners using an online survey, conducted a review of state regulations addressing SLD, and evaluated the effects of state-level policies and school psychologists' characteristics on identification practices. Responses from more than 1,300 school psychologists revealed that multiple SLD identification frameworks are utilized and that state regulations generally have stronger effects on identification practices than do characteristics such as school psychologists' age, highest degree obtained, and years of experience.

Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association Nutrition and Lifestyle Task Force.

Historically, low-carbohydrate (CHO) and very-low-CHO diets have been used for weight loss. Recently, these diets have been promoted for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence base available from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of low-CHO and very-low-CHO diets on body weight, lipoprotein lipids, glycemic control, and other cardiometabolic risk factors.

Effects of Consuming Almonds on Insulin Sensitivity and Other Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Adults With Prediabetes.

This study was designed to assess the effects of replacing high-carbohydrate (CHO) foods with raw almonds on insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes. This randomized crossover study consisted of two 6-week dietary intervention periods, separated by a ≥ 4-week washout. Subjects incorporated 1.

Talin is required to increase stiffness of focal molecular complex in its early formation process.

For cellular adaptation in mechanical environments, it is important to consider transmission of forces from the outside to the inside of cells via a focal molecular complex. The focal molecular complex, which consists of integrin, talin, vinculin and actin, is known to form in response to a force applied via the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). In the early formation process of the complex, the complex-actin connection is reinforced.

Three-dimensional evaluation of mandibular volume in patients with cleft lip and palate during the deciduous dentition period.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between mandibular volume and craniofacial morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare these findings with control (noncleft) patients undergoing CBCT for other purposes during the deciduous dentition period.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-four patients were categorized into the unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) group (n = 25; mean age, 4.60 ± 0.